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% Selection : Author: Stephen-P_Spackman
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@TechReport{Backofen_et_al:1994,
      AUTHOR = {Backofen, Rolf and Busemann, Stephan and Diagne, Abdel Kader and Hinkelman, Elizabeth and Kasper, Walter and Kiefer, Bernd and Krieger, Hans-Ulrich and Netter, Klaus and Neumann, Günter and Oepen, Stephan and Spackman, Stephen P. and Uszkoreit, Hans},
      TITLE = {Abschlussbericht: DISCO - Dialogsystem für autonome kooperierende Agenten},
      YEAR = {1994},
      NUMBER = {R:S95-060},
      ADDRESS = {Saarbrücken},
      TYPE = {Report},
      INSTITUTION = {DFKI},
      URL = {http://www.dfki.de/dfkibib/publications/docs/Backofen_1994_DDFAKA.pdf},
      ABSTRACT = {In der Entwicklung der Informationstechnologie wird die natürliche Sprache zu einem unentbehrlichen Medium für die Kommunikation zwischen Menschen und ihren autonomen maschinellen Partnern (Agenten). Im Projekt DISCO wurde ein Dialogsystem entwickelt, das maschinelle Dialogpartner in die Lage versetzt, mit ihren menschlichen Partnern in natürlicher Sprache zu kommunizieren. Während existierende Dialogsysteme zur Kommunikation zwischen der Maschine und einem einzigen menschlichen Benutzer gedacht sind, nimmt das DISCO-System an Dialogen zwischen mehr als zwei Teilnehmern teil. Die autonomen kooperierenden Agenten, für die das DISCO-System geschaffen wurde, sind KISoftwaresysteme auf vernetzten Computern. DlSCO führte Forschung sowohl in Computerlinguistik als auch in anderen Gebieten der KI durch. Frühere Arbeiten an natürlichsprachlichen Dialogsystemen konzentrierten sich entweder auf moderne Methoden für die linguistische Spezifikation und die Sprachverarbeitung oder auf fortgeschrittene Dialogverarbeitung. Im Unterschied dazu konnte DISCO erfolgreich Resultate aus beiden Gebieten integrieren. Als Ergebnis erhielt das DFKI ein auf modernsten Technologien aufbauendes, umfangreiches, flexibles, erweiterbares natürlichsprachliches Kernsystem, das für eine Vielzahl von Anwendungsentwicklungen eingesetzt werden kann und bereits in mehreren anderen Projekten eingesetzt wird.},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Backofen:1994:ADD.pdf}
}

@TechReport{Backofen_et_al:1993,
      AUTHOR = {Backofen, Rolf and Krieger, Hans-Ulrich and Spackman, Stephen P. and Uszkoreit, Hans},
      TITLE = {Report of the EAGLES Workshop on Implemented Formalisms at DFKI},
      YEAR = {1993},
      NUMBER = {D-93-27},
      ADDRESS = {Saarbrücken},
      TYPE = {Technical Report},
      INSTITUTION = {DFKI},
      URL = {http://www.tcs.informatik.uni-muenchen.de/ftp/backofen/publ/EAGLES-WS-Implemented93.ps.gz},
      ABSTRACT = {From the 1st through the 3rd of March 1993, the Working Group on Linguistic Formalisms of the EAGLES initiative held a workshop in Saarbrücken on implemented grammar formalisms. Starting with some notes on the Working Group, we will describe objectives, organization, and results of the workshop. We also summarize some relevant general findings as they emerged from the final discussion. The system demonstrated are described in a detailed synopsis. In order to facilitate comparison, a standardized questionnaire was used for the individual descriptions. The questionnaires were filled out by the developers. Since there might always be relevant pieces of information that do not fit well in such a questionnaire, the developers could also provide a short prose description. Most developers took advantage of this opportunity and attached a brief summary of their system.},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Backofen:1993:REW.pdf Backofen:1993:REW.ps}
}

@InProceedings{Hinkelman_Spackman:1992,
      AUTHOR = {Hinkelman, Elizabeth and Spackman, Stephen P.},
      TITLE = {Abductive Speech Act Recognition, Corporate Agents and the COSMA System},
      YEAR = {1992},
      BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 2nd ESPRIT PLUS Workshop on Computational Pragmatics: Abduction, Beliefs and Context},
      EDITOR = {Black, William and Sabah, Gérard and Wachtel, Tom},
      ADDRESS = {Alghero, Sardaigne},
      URL = {http://www.cs.tufts.edu/~elizh/sard.ps},
      ABSTRACT = {This chapter presents an overview of the DISCO project's solutions to several problems in natural language pragmatics. Its central focus is on relating utterances to intentions through speech act recognition. Subproblems include the incorporation of linguistic cues into the speech act recognition process, precise and efficient multiagent belief attribution models (Corporate Agents), and speech act representation and processing using Corporate Agents. These ideas are being tested within the COSMA appointment scheduling system, one application of the DISCO natural language interface. Abductive speech act processing in this environment is not far from realizing its potential for fully bidirectional implementation.},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Hinkelman:1992:ASA.pdf Hinkelman:1992:ASA.ps}
}

@TechReport{Hinkelman_Spackman:1993,
      AUTHOR = {Hinkelman, Elizabeth and Spackman, Stephen P.},
      TITLE = {Abductive Speech Act Recognition, Corporate Agents and the COSMA System},
      YEAR = {1993},
      NUMBER = {RR-93-31},
      ADDRESS = {Saarbrücken},
      TYPE = {Research Report},
      INSTITUTION = {DFKI},
      URL = {http://www.cs.tufts.edu/~elizh/sard.ps},
      ABSTRACT = {This chapter presents an overview of the DISCO project's solutions to several problems in natural language pragmatics. Its central focus is on relating utterances to intentions through speech act recognition. Subproblems include the incorporation of linguistic cues into the speech act recognition process, precise and efficient multiagent belief attribution models (Corporate Agents), and speech act representation and processing using Corporate Agents. These ideas are being tested within the COSMA appointment scheduling system, one application of the DISCO natural language interface. Abductive speech act processing in this environment is not far from realizing its potential for fully bidirectional implementation.},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Hinkelman:1993:ASA.pdf Hinkelman:1993:ASA.ps}
}

@InProceedings{Hinkelman_Spackman:1994,
      AUTHOR = {Hinkelman, Elizabeth and Spackman, Stephen P.},
      TITLE = {Communicating with Multiple Agents},
      YEAR = {1994},
      BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING'94), August 5-9},
      VOLUME = {2},
      PAGES = {1191-1197},
      ADDRESS = {Kyoto, Japan},
      URL = {ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/Hin_Spa_Coling94.ps.Z ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/Hin_Spa_Coling94.entry},
      ABSTRACT = {Previous dialogue systems have focussed on dialogues between two agents. Many applications, however, require conversations between several participants. This paper extends speech act definitions to handle multi-agent conversations, based on a model of multi-agent belief attribution with some unique properties. Our approach has the advantage of capturing a number of interesting phenomena in a straightforward way.},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Hinkelman:1994:CMA.pdf Hinkelman:1994:CMA.ps}
}

@MastersThesis{Spackman:1992,
      AUTHOR = {Spackman, Stephen P.},
      TITLE = {Images of Type},
      YEAR = {1992},
      ADDRESS = {River Forest},
      SCHOOL = {Concordia University}
}

@InProceedings{Uszkoreit_et_al:1994,
      AUTHOR = {Uszkoreit, Hans and Backofen, Rolf and Busemann, Stephan and Diagne, Abdel Kader and Hinkelman, Elizabeth and Kasper, Walter and Kiefer, Bernd and Krieger, Hans-Ulrich and Netter, Klaus and Neumann, Günter and Oepen, Stephan and Spackman, Stephen P.},
      TITLE = {DISCO - An HPSG-Based NLP System and its Application for Appointment Scheduling},
      YEAR = {1994},
      BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING'94), August 5-9},
      VOLUME = {1},
      PAGES = {436-440},
      ADDRESS = {Kyoto, Japan},
      URL = {ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/coli.ps.Z ftp://ftp.dfki.uni-kl.de/pub/Publications/ResearchReports/1994/RR-94-38.ps.gz ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/coli.dvi.Z ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/coli.entry},
      ABSTRACT = {The natural language system DISCO is described. It combines - a powerful and flexible grammar development system - linguistic competence for German including morphology, syntax and semantics - new methods for linguistic performance modelling on the basis of high-level competence grammars - new methods for modelling multi-agent dialogue competence - an interesting sample application for appointment scheduling and calendar management},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Uszkoreit:1994:DHBa.pdf Uszkoreit:1994:DHBa.ps}
}

@TechReport{Ziff_et_al:1991,
      AUTHOR = {Ziff, Donald A. and Waclena, Keith and Spackman, Stephen P.},
      TITLE = {CAL: Combinator Assembly Language},
      YEAR = {1991},
      ADDRESS = {Chicago},
      TYPE = {Technical Report},
      INSTITUTION = {University of Chicago Center for Information and Language Studies},
      URL = {http://www.lib.uchicago.edu/keith/cils-tr/tr91-02.ps},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Ziff:1991:CCA.pdf Ziff:1991:CCA.ps}
}

@TechReport{Ziff_et_al:1992,
      AUTHOR = {Ziff, Donald A. and Waclena, Keith and Spackman, Stephen P.},
      TITLE = {Using a Lazy Functional Language for Textual Information Retrieval},
      YEAR = {1992},
      ADDRESS = {Chicago},
      TYPE = {Technical Report},
      INSTITUTION = {University of Chicago Center for Information and Language Studies}
}