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@TechReport{Backofen_et_al:1994,
      AUTHOR = {Backofen, Rolf and Busemann, Stephan and Diagne, Abdel Kader and Hinkelman, Elizabeth and Kasper, Walter and Kiefer, Bernd and Krieger, Hans-Ulrich and Netter, Klaus and Neumann, Günter and Oepen, Stephan and Spackman, Stephen P. and Uszkoreit, Hans},
      TITLE = {Abschlussbericht: DISCO - Dialogsystem für autonome kooperierende Agenten},
      YEAR = {1994},
      NUMBER = {R:S95-060},
      ADDRESS = {Saarbrücken},
      TYPE = {Report},
      INSTITUTION = {DFKI},
      URL = {http://www.dfki.de/dfkibib/publications/docs/Backofen_1994_DDFAKA.pdf},
      ABSTRACT = {In der Entwicklung der Informationstechnologie wird die natürliche Sprache zu einem unentbehrlichen Medium für die Kommunikation zwischen Menschen und ihren autonomen maschinellen Partnern (Agenten). Im Projekt DISCO wurde ein Dialogsystem entwickelt, das maschinelle Dialogpartner in die Lage versetzt, mit ihren menschlichen Partnern in natürlicher Sprache zu kommunizieren. Während existierende Dialogsysteme zur Kommunikation zwischen der Maschine und einem einzigen menschlichen Benutzer gedacht sind, nimmt das DISCO-System an Dialogen zwischen mehr als zwei Teilnehmern teil. Die autonomen kooperierenden Agenten, für die das DISCO-System geschaffen wurde, sind KISoftwaresysteme auf vernetzten Computern. DlSCO führte Forschung sowohl in Computerlinguistik als auch in anderen Gebieten der KI durch. Frühere Arbeiten an natürlichsprachlichen Dialogsystemen konzentrierten sich entweder auf moderne Methoden für die linguistische Spezifikation und die Sprachverarbeitung oder auf fortgeschrittene Dialogverarbeitung. Im Unterschied dazu konnte DISCO erfolgreich Resultate aus beiden Gebieten integrieren. Als Ergebnis erhielt das DFKI ein auf modernsten Technologien aufbauendes, umfangreiches, flexibles, erweiterbares natürlichsprachliches Kernsystem, das für eine Vielzahl von Anwendungsentwicklungen eingesetzt werden kann und bereits in mehreren anderen Projekten eingesetzt wird.},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Backofen:1994:ADD.pdf}
}

@Proceedings{Tilman_Stephan:1999,
      TITLE = {May I Speak Freely? Between Templates and Free Choice in Natural Language Generation. Workshop at the 23rd German Annual Conference for Artificial Intelligence (KI'99), Bonn},
      YEAR = {1999},
      NUMBER = {D-99-01},
      EDITOR = {Becker, Tilman and Busemann, Stephan},
      SERIES = {DFKI Document},
      ADDRESS = {Saarbrücken},
      PUBLISHER = {DFKI},
      URL = {ftp://ftp.dfki.uni-kl.de/pub/Publications/Documents/1999/D-99-01.tar.gz},
      ABSTRACT = {This workshop is, to our knowledge, the first one topicalizing the relation between application tasks and technologies used. It aims at exploring the tension between more general and more specific approaches to NLG, thereby clarifying what NLG technology is suited best for which task. It is intended to be an opportunity to get an overview over existing state-of-the-art technology and its optimal usage. It will be relevant for both developers and users of NLG systems. Exploring conditions for successful NLG applications is a step that should be taken jointly by technology providers and current and potential users of NLG software. The invited speaker, Paul Heisterkamp of DaimlerChrysler AG, will focus on the industrial usage of NLG software, and we appreciate his contribution to this volume. The workshop is embedded into the German Annual AI conference KI'99, following its tradition of hosting small hot-topic workshops. At the same time it is an activity of the Special Interest Group for Natural Language Systems (Fachgruppe 1.3.1) of the German association for computer science, Gesellschaft für Informatik (GI). The ten contributions to this volume are unpublished research reports reviewed by the workshop organizers. The authors agreed to make available to each other the submitted papers before preparing the final versions. The papers can also be downloaded from the workshop's web page at http://www.dfki.de/service/NLG/KI99.html.},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Becker:1999:MSF.tar}
}

@Proceedings{Tilman_Stephan:2000,
      TITLE = {Impacts in Natural Language Generation: NLG between Technology and Applications. Workshop at Schloss Dagstuhl, Germany},
      YEAR = {2000},
      NUMBER = {D-00-01},
      EDITOR = {Becker, Tilman and Busemann, Stephan},
      SERIES = {DFKI Document},
      ADDRESS = {Saarbrücken},
      PUBLISHER = {DFKI},
      URL = {ftp://ftp.dfki.uni-kl.de/pub/Publications/Documents/2000/D-00-01.tar.gz},
      ABSTRACT = {This report contains the presented papers, abstracts of the invited talk and four sessions on 'burning issues' of the IMPACTS workshop on Natural Language Generation between Technology and Applications, held at Schloss Dagstuhl, July 26-28, 2000.},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Becker:2000:INL.tar}
}

@Proceedings{Tilman_et_al:1997,
      TITLE = {DFKI Workshop on Natural Language Generation},
      YEAR = {1997},
      NUMBER = {D-97-06},
      EDITOR = {Becker, Tilman and Busemann, Stephan and Finkler, Wolfgang},
      SERIES = {DFKI Document},
      ADDRESS = {Saarbrücken},
      PUBLISHER = {DFKI},
      URL = {ftp://ftp.dfki.uni-kl.de/pub/Publications/Documents/1997/D-97-06.tar.gz},
      ABSTRACT = {On the Saarbrücken campus sites as well as at DFKI, many research activities are pursued in the field of Natural Language Generation (NLG). We felt that too little is known about the total of these activities and decided to organize a workshop in order to share ideas and promote the results. This DFKI workshop brought together local researchers working on NLG. Several papers are co-authored by international researchers. Although not all NLG activities are covered in the present document, the papers reviewed for this workshop clearly demonstrate that Saarbrücken counts among the important NLG sites in the world.},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Becker:1997:DWN.tar}
}

@InCollection{Busemann:1988,
      AUTHOR = {Busemann, Stephan},
      TITLE = {Surface Transformations During the Generation of Written German Sentences},
      YEAR = {1988},
      BOOKTITLE = {Natural Language Generation Systems},
      PAGES = {90-165},
      EDITOR = {McDonald, D. D. and Bolc, L.},
      SERIES = {Symbolic computation},
      ADDRESS = {Berlin},
      PUBLISHER = {Springer Verlag}
}

@PhdThesis{Busemann:1990,
      AUTHOR = {Busemann, Stephan},
      TITLE = {Generierung natürlicher Sprache mit Generalisierten Phrasenstrukturgrammatiken},
      YEAR = {1990},
      ADDRESS = {Saarbrücken},
      SCHOOL = {Universität des Saarlandes, Fachbereich Informatik}
}

@PhdThesis{Busemann:1990_1,
      AUTHOR = {Busemann, Stephan},
      TITLE = {Generierung natürlicher Sprache mit Generalisierten Phrasenstrukturgrammatiken},
      YEAR = {1990},
      NUMBER = {87},
      SERIES = {KIT Report},
      ADDRESS = {Berlin},
      SCHOOL = {Technische Universität Berlin, Fachbereich Informatik}
}

@TechReport{Busemann:1990_2,
      AUTHOR = {Busemann, Stephan},
      TITLE = {Generalisierte Phrasenstruktur-Grammatiken und ihre Verwendung zur maschinellen Sprachverarbeitung},
      YEAR = {1990},
      NUMBER = {RR-90-17},
      ADDRESS = {Saarbrücken},
      TYPE = {Research Report},
      INSTITUTION = {DFKI},
      URL = {http://www.dfki.de/dfkibib/publications/docs/Busemann_1990_GPGVMS.pdf},
      ABSTRACT = {Der vorliegende Artikel ist eine geringfügig überarbeitete Version des dritten und des vierten Kapitels der Dissertation des Autors [Busemann 1990]. Die zugrundeliegende Forschung wurde im Rahmen des vom Bundesminister für Forschung und Technologie unter dem Kennzeichen 1013211 geförderten Projekts KIT-FAST an der Technischen Universität Berlin durchgeführt. Die Arbeit wurde am DFKI im Projekt DISCO, das vom BMFT unter dem Kennzeichen ITW 9002 gefördert wird, fertiggestellt.},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Busemann:1990:GPG.pdf}
}

@InProceedings{Busemann:1991,
      AUTHOR = {Busemann, Stephan},
      TITLE = {Structure-Driven Generation From Seperate Semantic Representations},
      YEAR = {1991},
      BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 5th Conference of the European Chapter of the ACL (EACL'91)},
      PAGES = {113-118},
      ADDRESS = {Berlin, Germany},
      URL = {http://www.dfki.de/dfkibib/publications/docs/Busemann_1991_SDGFSSR.pdf},
      ABSTRACT = {A new approach to structure-driven generation is presented that is based on a separate semantics as input structure. For the first time, a GPSGbased formalism is complemented with a system of pattern-action rules that relate the parts of a semantics to appropriate syntactic rules. This way a front end generator can be adapted to some application system (such as a machine translation system) more easily than would be possible with many previous generators based on modern grammar formalisms.},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Busemann:1991:SDG.pdf}
}

@TechReport{Busemann:1991_1,
      AUTHOR = {Busemann, Stephan},
      TITLE = {Using Pattern-Action Rules for the Generation of GPSG Structure from Separate Semantic Representations},
      YEAR = {1991},
      NUMBER = {RR-91-16},
      ADDRESS = {Saarbrücken},
      TYPE = {Research Report},
      INSTITUTION = {DFKI},
      URL = {http://www.dfki.de/dfkibib/publications/docs/Busemann_1991_UPARFTGOG_RR.pdf},
      ABSTRACT = {In many tactical NL generators the semantic input structure is taken for granted. In this paper, a new approach to multilingual, tactical generation is presented that keeps the syntax separate from the semantics. This allows for the system to be directly adapted to application-dependent representations. In the case at hand, the semantics is specifically designed for sentence-semantic transfer in a machine translation system. The syntax formalism used is Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar (GPSG). The mapping from semantic onto syntactic structures is performed by a set of pattern-action rules. Each rule matches a piece of the input structure and guides the GPSG structure-building process by telling it which syntax rule(s) to apply. The scope of each pattern-action rule is strictly local, the actions are primitive, and rules can not call each other. These restrictions render the production rule approach both highly modular and transparent.},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Busemann:1991:UPAa.pdf}
}

@InProceedings{Busemann:1991_2,
      AUTHOR = {Busemann, Stephan},
      TITLE = {Using Pattern-Action Rules for the Generation of GPSG Structures from MT-Oriented Semantics},
      YEAR = {1991},
      BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 12th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI'91), August 24-30},
      PAGES = {1003-1011},
      EDITOR = {Mylopoulos, John and Reiter, Raymond},
      ADDRESS = {Sydney, Australia},
      PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
      URL = {http://www.dfki.de/dfkibib/publications/docs/Busemann_1991_UPARFTGOG.pdf},
      ABSTRACT = {In many tactical NL generators the semantic input structure is taken for granted. In this paper, a new approach to multilingual, tactical generation is presented that keeps the syntax separate from the semantics. This allows for the system to be directly adapted to application-dependent representations. In the case at hand, the semantics is specifically designed for sentence-semantic transfer in a machine translation system. The syntax formalism used is Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar (GPSG). The mapping from semantic onto syntactic structures is performed by a set of pattern-action rules. Each rule matches a piece of the input structure and guides the GPSG structure-building process by telling it which syntax rule(s) to apply. The scope of each pattern-action rule is strictly local, the actions are primitive, and rules can not call each other. These restrictions render the production rule approach both highly modular and transparent.},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Busemann:1991:UPAb.pdf}
}

@Book{Busemann:1992,
      AUTHOR = {Busemann, Stephan},
      TITLE = {Generierung natürlicher Sprache mit generalisierten Phrasenstrukturgrammatiken},
      YEAR = {1992},
      VOLUME = {Bd. 313},
      SERIES = {IFB},
      ADDRESS = {Berlin},
      PUBLISHER = {Springer Verlag}
}

@InProceedings{Busemann:1992_1,
      AUTHOR = {Busemann, Stephan},
      TITLE = {Lexical Choice and Knowledge Representation},
      YEAR = {1992},
      BOOKTITLE = {DFKI Workshop on Taxonomic Reasoning, February 26},
      NUMBER = {D-92-08},
      PAGES = {33-39},
      EDITOR = {Heinsohn, Jochen and Hollunder, Bernhard},
      SERIES = {DFKI Document},
      ADDRESS = {Saarbrücken, Germany},
      URL = {http://www.dfki.de/dfkibib/publications/docs/Busemann_1992_LCAKR.pdf},
      ABSTRACT = {Recently the problem of choosing communicatively adequate lexemes has attracted much interest in the NL generation community, in general, the task amounts to deciding for a given representation of an intended meaning, which words will most appropriately convey that meaning to the addressee. Whether lexical choice must be exact in the sense that all and only the intended meaning is verbalized, depends on the respective communication situation. In a multimodal discourse, where language is supplemented by gestures or graphics, the linguistic device need not convey everything to the partner. In written discourse without a predefined context, as in DISCO, exact verbalization seems much more in order. In all theories of lexical choice, the convergence problem has to be solved: there is always a decision for exactly one lexical item. We may distinguish the following subtasks of lexical choice: Definite reference, proforms: Events and objects must often be described using words that allow for an unambiguous identification of the referent. The problem subdivides in finding appropriate words for the referents and in describing the relations between them, as deictic and intrinsic readings of The ball is infront of the car suggest. Social jugdement: Some words carry social jugdements with them. German Putzfrau and Raumpflegerin mean both cleaning woman, but only the latter is now used officially.1 The former has a pejorative connotation. See [6]. Collocations: There are different kinds of cooccurrence restrictions between lexemes. Some words cannot be used together with others, some tend to be used together with others and some yield a different meaning when used with certain others (idioms). Choice of open class words: Given a conceptual representation of the intended meaning, an appropriate word for each concept must be identified. In this paper, we assume that for lexical selection the following kinds of knowledge are necessary: • the concepts of the meaning representation language • lexical entries (lemmata and/or phrasal items including semantic and syntactic in formation, among other things ) • knowledge about the reader (including the reader's goals ans beliefs) • knowledge about the linguistic, situational, and social context We will show that lexical choice requires a domain model based on linguistic considerations, and that standard KL-ONE techniques are insufficient for parts of the task at hand.},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Busemann:1992:LCK.pdf}
}

@InCollection{Busemann:1993,
      AUTHOR = {Busemann, Stephan},
      TITLE = {A Holistic View of Lexical Choice},
      YEAR = {1993},
      BOOKTITLE = {New Concepts in Natural Language Generation: Planning, Realization and Systems},
      PAGES = {302-308},
      EDITOR = {Horacek, Helmut},
      ADDRESS = {London},
      PUBLISHER = {Frances Pinter},
      URL = {ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/lex-choice.dvi.Z ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/lex-choice.entry ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/lex-choice.ps.Z},
      ABSTRACT = {Recently the problem of choosing communicatively adequate lexemes has attracted much interest in the NL generation community. The problem is so fascinating because it includes a variety of subproblems that relate to all parts of the generation process. Up to now, many of the subproblems have been identified, and solutions have been suggested for each. However, steps towards an integrating approach to lexical choice are still missing. This paper looks at dependencies between some of the subproblems.},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Busemann:1993:HVL.pdf Busemann:1993:HVL.ps Busemann:1993:HVL.dvi}
}

@InProceedings{Busemann:1993_1,
      AUTHOR = {Busemann, Stephan},
      TITLE = {Implicit Relationships between Grammar and Control},
      YEAR = {1993},
      BOOKTITLE = {4. Fachtagung der Sektion Computerlinguistik der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Sprachwissenschaft. Deklarative und prozedurale Aspekte der Sprachverarbeitung, November 17-19},
      PAGES = {12-17},
      EDITOR = {Herweg, M.},
      ADDRESS = {Hamburg, Germany}
}

@InProceedings{Busemann:1993_2,
      AUTHOR = {Busemann, Stephan},
      TITLE = {Towards Configurable Generation Systems. Some Initial Ideas},
      YEAR = {1993},
      BOOKTITLE = {DFKI Workshop on Natural Language Systems: Re-Usability and Modularity, October 23},
      NUMBER = {D-93-03},
      PAGES = {57-64},
      EDITOR = {Busemann, Stephan and Harbusch, Karin},
      SERIES = {DFKI Document},
      ADDRESS = {Saarbrücken, Germany},
      PUBLISHER = {DFKI},
      URL = {ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/config.dvi.Z ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/config.entry ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/config.ps.Z},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Busemann:1993:TCG.pdf Busemann:1993:TCG.ps Busemann:1993:TCG.dvi}
}

@InProceedings{Busemann:1993_2,
      AUTHOR = {Busemann, Stephan},
      TITLE = {Towards Configurable Generation Systems. Some Initial Ideas},
      YEAR = {1993},
      BOOKTITLE = {DFKI Workshop on Natural Language Systems: Re-Usability and Modularity, October 23},
      NUMBER = {D-93-03},
      PAGES = {57-64},
      EDITOR = {Busemann, Stephan and Harbusch, Karin},
      SERIES = {DFKI Document},
      ADDRESS = {Saarbrücken, Germany},
      PUBLISHER = {DFKI},
      URL = {ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/config.dvi.Z ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/config.entry ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/config.ps.Z},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Busemann:1993:TCG.pdf Busemann:1993:TCG.ps Busemann:1993:TCG.dvi}
}

@InProceedings{Busemann:1993_3,
      AUTHOR = {Busemann, Stephan},
      TITLE = {Towards the Configuration of Generation Systems: Some Initial Ideas},
      YEAR = {1993},
      BOOKTITLE = {DFKI Workshop on Natural Language Systems: Re-Usability and Modularity, October 23},
      NUMBER = {D-93-03},
      PAGES = {57-64},
      EDITOR = {Busemann, Stephan and Harbusch, Karin},
      SERIES = {DFKI Document},
      ADDRESS = {Saarbrücken, Germany},
      PUBLISHER = {DFKI},
      URL = {http://www.dfki.de/dfkibib/publications/docs/Busemann_1992_DWNLSRM.pdf},
      ABSTRACT = {This paper gives some preliminary ideas about configurable generators. After discussing a generic application situation, the idea of configurable system architectures is presented. We then show how both static and dynamic (run-time) configuration can be achieved in the generator of DFKI's (sc Cosma) system, which is involved in multi-agent e-mail dialogues about appointment scheduling.},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Busemann:1993:TCGb.pdf}
}

@InProceedings{Busemann:1993_3,
      AUTHOR = {Busemann, Stephan},
      TITLE = {Towards the Configuration of Generation Systems: Some Initial Ideas},
      YEAR = {1993},
      BOOKTITLE = {DFKI Workshop on Natural Language Systems: Re-Usability and Modularity, October 23},
      NUMBER = {D-93-03},
      PAGES = {57-64},
      EDITOR = {Busemann, Stephan and Harbusch, Karin},
      SERIES = {DFKI Document},
      ADDRESS = {Saarbrücken, Germany},
      PUBLISHER = {DFKI},
      URL = {http://www.dfki.de/dfkibib/publications/docs/Busemann_1992_DWNLSRM.pdf},
      ABSTRACT = {This paper gives some preliminary ideas about configurable generators. After discussing a generic application situation, the idea of configurable system architectures is presented. We then show how both static and dynamic (run-time) configuration can be achieved in the generator of DFKI's (sc Cosma) system, which is involved in multi-agent e-mail dialogues about appointment scheduling.},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Busemann:1993:TCGb.pdf}
}

@InProceedings{Busemann:1995,
      AUTHOR = {Busemann, Stephan},
      TITLE = {Towards Classification of Generation Subtasks},
      YEAR = {1995},
      BOOKTITLE = {Principles of Natural Language Generation. Papers from a Dagstuhl-Seminar},
      NUMBER = {SI-12},
      PAGES = {25-32},
      EDITOR = {Hoeppner, Wolfgang and Horacek, Helmut},
      SERIES = {Dagstuhl-Seminar-Report},
      ADDRESS = {Duisburg, Germany},
      URL = {http://www.dfki.de/dfkibib/publications/docs/Busemann_1994_TSOGS.pdf},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Busemann:1995:TCG.pdf}
}

@TechReport{Busemann:1996,
      AUTHOR = {Busemann, Stephan},
      TITLE = {Best-First Surface Realization},
      YEAR = {1996},
      NUMBER = {RR-96-05},
      ADDRESS = {Saarbrücken},
      TYPE = {Research Report},
      INSTITUTION = {DFKI},
      URL = {http://arxiv.org/PS_cache/cmp-lg/pdf/9605/9605010.pdf},
      ABSTRACT = {Current work in surface realization concentrates on the use of general, abstract algorithms that interpret large, reversible grammars. Only little attention has been paid so far to the many small and simple applications that require coverage of a small sublanguage at different degrees of sophistication. The system TG/2 described in this paper can be smoothly integrated with deep generation processes, it integrates canned text, templates, and context-free rules into a single formalism, it allows for both textual and tabular output, and it can be parameterized according to linguistic preferences. These features are based on suitably restricted production system techniques and on a generic backtracking regime.},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Busemann:1996:BFSa.pdf}
}

@InProceedings{Busemann:1996_1,
      AUTHOR = {Busemann, Stephan},
      TITLE = {Best-First Surface Realization},
      YEAR = {1996},
      BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 8th International Natural Language Generation Workshop (INLG'96), June},
      PAGES = {101-110},
      EDITOR = {Scott, Donia},
      ADDRESS = {Sussex, UK},
      URL = {ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/tg2.ps.Z http://arxiv.org/PS_cache/cmp-lg/pdf/9605/9605010.pdf},
      ABSTRACT = {Current work in surface realization concentrates on the use of general, abstract algorithms that interpret large, reversible grammars. Only little attention has been paid so far to the many small and simple applications that require coverage of a small sublanguage at different degrees of sophistication. The system TG/2 described in this paper can be smoothly integrated with deep generation processes, it integrates canned text, templates, and context-free rules into a single formalism, it allows for both textual and tabular output, and it can be parameterized according to linguistic preferences. These features are based on suitably restricted production system techniques and on a generic backtracking regime.},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Busemann:1996:BFSb.pdf Busemann:1996:BFSb.ps}
}

@InProceedings{Busemann:1997,
      AUTHOR = {Busemann, Stephan},
      TITLE = {Putting Semantic-Head-Driven Generation to the Limits: Experiments with Multi-Purpose Semantic Representations},
      YEAR = {1997},
      BOOKTITLE = {DFKI Workshop on Natural Language Generation, April 1997},
      NUMBER = {D-97-06},
      PAGES = {8-14},
      EDITOR = {Becker, Tilman and Busemann, Stephan and Finkler, Wolfgang},
      SERIES = {DFKI Document},
      ADDRESS = {Saarbrücken, Germany},
      PUBLISHER = {DFKI},
      URL = {ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/busemann97.ps.gz ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/busemann97.entry ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/busemann97.dvi.gz},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Busemann:1997:PSH.pdf Busemann:1997:PSH.ps Busemann:1997:PSH.dvi}
}

@InProceedings{Busemann:1997,
      AUTHOR = {Busemann, Stephan},
      TITLE = {Putting Semantic-Head-Driven Generation to the Limits: Experiments with Multi-Purpose Semantic Representations},
      YEAR = {1997},
      BOOKTITLE = {DFKI Workshop on Natural Language Generation, April 1997},
      NUMBER = {D-97-06},
      PAGES = {8-14},
      EDITOR = {Becker, Tilman and Busemann, Stephan and Finkler, Wolfgang},
      SERIES = {DFKI Document},
      ADDRESS = {Saarbrücken, Germany},
      PUBLISHER = {DFKI},
      URL = {ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/busemann97.ps.gz ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/busemann97.entry ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/busemann97.dvi.gz},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Busemann:1997:PSH.pdf Busemann:1997:PSH.ps Busemann:1997:PSH.dvi}
}

@InProceedings{Busemann:1998,
      AUTHOR = {Busemann, Stephan},
      TITLE = {Language Technology for Transnational Web Services},
      YEAR = {1998},
      BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of Advancing the Information Society - European Telematics Conference '98, February 4-6},
      PAGES = {101--105},
      ADDRESS = {Barcelona, Spain},
      PUBLISHER = {European Commission DG XIII},
      URL = {ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/busemann98.ps.gz ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/busemann98.entry},
      ABSTRACT = {The growing flood of information on the internet is mostly encoded in language. The increasing need to augment existing technology for searching, extracting, and summarizing information encoded in multiple languages can be met by employing advanced language technology. This paper concentrates on results achieved within the TEMSIS and ongoing MULINEX projects in meeting these needs, and presents key concepts for the exploitation of the web.},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Busemann:1998:LTT.pdf Busemann:1998:LTT.ps}
}

@InProceedings{Busemann:1998_1,
      AUTHOR = {Busemann, Stephan},
      TITLE = {A Shallow Formalism for Defining Personalized Text},
      YEAR = {1998},
      BOOKTITLE = {Workshop Professionelle Erstellung von Papier- und Online-Dokumenten: Perspektiven für die automatische Textgenerierung. 22nd Annual German Conference on Artificial Intelligence (KI '98), 15.-17. September},
      ADDRESS = {Bremen, Germany},
      URL = {ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/busemann98b.ps.gz ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/busemann98b.entry ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/busemann98b.dvi.gz},
      ABSTRACT = {In this workshop note, we sketch techniques suited to generate personalized text within the shallow verbalization system TG/2. In a grammar-engineering phase, alternative formulations of messages corresponding to different user types are encoded into the generation grammar. A set of parameters denoting properties of verbalization alternatives is associated with the respective grammar rules. The user provides to the system the parameter values she desires. During generation, the rules matching the criteria best are preferred, leading to personalized text.},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Busemann:1998:SFD.pdf Busemann:1998:SFD.ps}
}

@InProceedings{Busemann:1999,
      AUTHOR = {Busemann, Stephan},
      TITLE = {Constraint-Based Techniques for Interfacing Software Modules},
      YEAR = {1999},
      BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the AISB'99 Workshop on Reference Architectures and Data Standards for NLP, April 6-9},
      PAGES = {48-54},
      EDITOR = {Mellish, Chris and Scott, Donia},
      ADDRESS = {Edinburgh, Scotland},
      PUBLISHER = {The Society for the Study of Artificial Intelligence and Simulation of Behaviour},
      URL = {ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/busemann99.ps.gz},
      ABSTRACT = {The reuse of standardized software is among the primary goals of application builders. The vision of a building block scenario of pieces of software that can be configured to form a new application is becoming real. However, this vision places strong requirements on the interfaces. Practice dictates that it must be easy to combine building blocks. Hence the interfaces should be flexible and, ideally, adaptable to new tasks or domains. This paper presents a simple method to structurally relate interface languages and to check the syntactic correctness of expressions.},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Busemann:1999:CBT.pdf Busemann:1999:CBT.ps}
}

@InCollection{Busemann:2000,
      AUTHOR = {Busemann, Stephan},
      TITLE = {Generierung natürlichsprachlicher Texte},
      YEAR = {2000},
      BOOKTITLE = {Handbuch der Künstlichen Intelligenz},
      PAGES = {783-814},
      EDITOR = {Görz, Günther and Rollinger, C.-R. and Schneeberger, J.},
      ADDRESS = {Oldenbourg},
      PUBLISHER = {Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag},
      ABSTRACT = {This short survey of the state of the art in natural language generation (NLG) in particular aims at readers interested in building practical systems. It defines language generation, identifies possible areas of application and describes the tasks a NLG system should fulfil. The interdependencies of the tasks are discussed and architecture models derived. The discussion of in-depth vs. shallow generation is based on the insight that different types of applications require different kinds of generators. A methodology for the design of NLG applications concludes the paper. (Note: The paper is written in German.}
}

@InProceedings{Busemann:2000_1,
      AUTHOR = {Busemann, Stephan},
      TITLE = {Interfacing Constraint-Based Grammars and Generation Algorithms},
      YEAR = {2000},
      BOOKTITLE = {Workshop Analysis for Generation. 1st International Conference on Natural Language Generation, June 12-16},
      ADDRESS = {Mitzpe Ramon, Israel},
      URL = {ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/busemann00.ps.gz. http://arXiv.org/abs/cs.CL/0008003},
      ABSTRACT = {Constraint-based grammars can, in principle, serve as the major linguistic knowledge source for both parsing and generation. Surface generation starts from input semantics representations that may vary across grammars. For many declarative grammars, the concept of derivation implicitly built in is that of parsing. They may thus not be interpretable by a generation algorithm. We show that linguistically plausible semantic analyses can cause severe problems for semantic-head-driven approaches for generation (SHDG). We use SeReal, a variant of SHDG and the DISCO grammar of German as our source of examples. We propose a new, general approach that explicitly accounts for the interface between the grammar and the generation algorithm by adding a control-oriented layer to the linguistic knowledge base that reorganizes the semantics in a way suitable for generation.},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Busemann:2000:ICB.pdf Busemann:2000:ICB.ps}
}

@InProceedings{Busemann:2001,
      AUTHOR = {Busemann, Stephan},
      TITLE = {Language Generation for Cross-Lingual Document Summarisation},
      YEAR = {2001},
      BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the International Workshop on Innovative Language Technology and Chinese Information Processing (ILT&CIP '01)},
      EDITOR = {Sheng, Hyanye},
      ADDRESS = {Shanghai},
      PUBLISHER = {Science Press},
      URL = {ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/musi-nlg.entry ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/musi-nlg.pdf},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Busemann:2001:LGC.pdf}
}

@InProceedings{Busemann:2002,
      AUTHOR = {Busemann, Stephan},
      TITLE = {Issues in Generating from Interlingua Representations},
      YEAR = {2002},
      BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on UNL, other Interlinguas and their Applications},
      PAGES = {1-7},
      EDITOR = {Tovar, Edmundo and Gallardo, Carolina},
      ADDRESS = {Las Palmas},
      URL = {ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/interlingua.entry ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/interlingua.pdf},
      ABSTRACT = {Multi-lingual generation starts from non-linguistic content representations for generating texts in different languages that are equivalent in meaning. In contrast, cross-lingual generation is based on a language-neutral content representation which is the result of a linguistic analysis process. Non-linguistic representations do not reflect the structure of the text. Quite differently, language-neutral representations express functor-argument relationships and other semantic properties found by the underlying analysis process. These differences imply diverse generation tasks. In this contribution, we relate multi-lingual to cross-lingual generation and discuss emergent problems for the definition of an interlingua.},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Busemann:2002:IGI.pdf}
}

@Proceedings{Stephan:2002,
      TITLE = {Proceedings der 6. Konferenz zur Verarbeitung natürlicher Sprache (KONVENS 2002), 30. September - 2. Oktober},
      YEAR = {2002},
      NUMBER = {D-02-01},
      EDITOR = {Busemann, Stephan},
      SERIES = {DFKI Document},
      ADDRESS = {Saarbrücken, Germany},
      PUBLISHER = {German Research Center for AI (DFKI)},
      URL = {http://konvens2002.dfki.de/cd/inhalt/index.html},
      ABSTRACT = {Die Konferenz zur Verarbeitung natürlicher Sprache (KONVENS) wird seit 1992 in zweijährigem Turnus von den wissenschaftlichen Fachgesellschaften DEGA, DGfS, GI, GLDV, ITG und ÖGAI ausgerichtet. Die KONVENS stellt einen wichtigen Kristallisationspunkt für die Veröffentlichung wissenschaftlicher Ergebnisse in der Sprachverarbeitung dar. Im Jahr 2002 wird die nunmehr sechste KONVENS von der GI, Fachgruppe Natürlichsprachliche Systeme'', in Saarbrücken veranstaltet. Themen der wissenschaftlichen Konferenz sind alle Bereiche der maschinellen Verarbeitung von natürlicher Sprache in gesprochener als auch in geschriebener Form. Die Tagung verfolgt das Ziel, einen breiten Querschnitt durch die aktuelle Forschung und Entwicklung im Gebiet der Sprachverarbeitung zu bieten - unter Einschluss aller relevanten Disziplinen wie Computerlinguistik, Sprachtechnologie, Kognitions-Psychologie, Informatik, Akustik und Nachrichtentechnik. Beiträge aus der gesamten Bandbreite zwischen Forschung, Entwicklung, Anwendung und Evaluation von natürlichsprachlichen Ressourcen, Komponenten und Systemen waren in Form unveröffentlichter Forschungs- und Entwicklungsergebnisse oder innovativer industrieller Anwendungen willkommen. 44 Papiere wurden eingereicht und von je zwei Mitgliedern des Programmkomitees begutachtet, die teilweise weitere Gutachter hinzuzogen. In diesem Begutachtungsverfahren wählte das Programmkomitee 22 Beiträge als Vorträge und 11 als Poster zur Präsentation während der Tagung und zur Veröffentlichung aus. Zudem konnten zwei hochrangige Wissenschaftler gewonnen werden, ihre aktuellen Arbeiten in Form eingeladener Vorträge vorzustellen. Christiane Fellbaum (Princeton University und Berlin-Brandenburgische Akadamie der Wissenschaften) beschreibt Arbeiten zur Repräsentation idiomatischer Wendungen im Lexikon und lexikalischen Datenbanken (WordNet). Matthew Crocker (Universität des Saarlandes) zieht Verbindungen zwischen Psycholinguistik und statistischer Computerlinguistik. Der vorliegende Tagungsband enthält Kurzfassungen der eingeladenen Vorträge sowie die angenommenen Vorträge und Poster. Im Namen des Programmkomitees danke ich herzlich allen Autorinnen und Autoren, die durch ihre Einreichung ein interessantes und anspruchsvolles Tagungsprogramm ermöglichten. Besonders möchte ich den beiden eingeladenen Vortragenden, Christiane Fellbaum und Matthew Crocker, für ihre Beiträge danken. Dem Gastgeber der Konferenz, der DFKI GmbH, gebührt Dank für die Bereitstellung der Räumlichkeiten, der Infrastruktur sowie von Arbeitskraft. Bei der Erstellung der Webseite http://konvens2002.dfki.de und des vorliegenden Tagungsbandes haben Carmen Görl und Matthias Rinck wesentlich mitgewirkt. Das Konferenz-Sekretariat wurde von Corinna Johanns geleitet, die nicht nur die finanzielle Seite der Konferenz betreute, sondern sich auch um die lukullischen und touristischen Aspekte kümmerte: der halbtägige Ausflug nach Nennig und zur Villa Borg mit abendlichem Bankett führt uns in beiderlei Hinsicht auf römische Spuren im Saarland. Allen Mitwirkenden danke ich sehr herzlich für ihr besonderes Engangement, ohne das diese Tagung nicht möglich gewesen wäre. Ausdrücklich möchte ich allen Mitgliedern des Programmkomitees für die effiziente und reibungslose Zusammenarbeit beim Zustandekommen des Tagungsprogramms danken.}
}

@InProceedings{Busemann_et_al:1997,
      AUTHOR = {Busemann, Stephan and Declerck, Thierry and Diagne, Abdel Kader and Dini, Luca and Klein, Judith and Schmeier, Sven},
      TITLE = {Natural Language Dialogue Service for Appointment Scheduling Agents},
      YEAR = {1997},
      BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 5th Conference on Applied Natural Language Processing (ANLP'97), March 31 - April 3},
      PAGES = {25-32},
      EDITOR = {Jacobs, Paul},
      ADDRESS = {Washington D. C., USA},
      PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
      URL = {ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/anlp97-cosma.ps.gz ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/anlp97-cosma.entry http://arXiv.org/abs/cmp-lg/9702007},
      ABSTRACT = {Appointment scheduling is a problem faced daily by many people and organizations. Cooperating agent systems have been developed to automate this task partially. In order to extend the circle of participants as far as possible we advocate for the use of natural language transmitted by email. We describe Cosma, a fully implemented German language server for existing appointment scheduling agent systems. Cosma can cope with multiple dialogues in parallel, and accounts for differences in dialogue behaviour between human and machine agents. NL coverage of the sublanguage is achieved through both corpus-based grammar development and the use of message extraction techniques.},
      NOTE = {HU},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Busemann:1997:NLDa.pdf Busemann:1997:NLDa.ps}
}

@TechReport{Busemann_et_al:1997_1,
      AUTHOR = {Busemann, Stephan and Declerck, Thierry and Diagne, Abdel Kader and Dini, Luca and Klein, Judith and Schmeier, Sven},
      TITLE = {Natural Language Dialogue Service for Appointment Scheduling Agents},
      YEAR = {1997},
      NUMBER = {RR-97-02},
      ADDRESS = {Saarbrücken},
      TYPE = {Research Report},
      INSTITUTION = {DFKI},
      URL = {ftp://ftp.dfki.uni-kl.de/pub/Publications/ResearchReports/1997/RR-97-02.ps.gz},
      ABSTRACT = {Appointment scheduling is a problem faced daily by many people and organizations. Cooperating agent systems have been developed to automate this task partially. In order to extend the circle of participants as far as possible we advocate for the use of natural language transmitted by email. We describe Cosma, a fully implemented German language server for existing appointment scheduling agent systems. Cosma can cope with multiple dialogues in parallel, and accounts for differences in dialogue behaviour between human and machine agents. NL coverage of the sublanguage is achieved through both corpus-based grammar development and the use of message extraction techniques.},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Busemann:1997:NLDb.pdf Busemann:1997:NLDb.ps}
}

@TechReport{Busemann_et_al:1997_2,
      AUTHOR = {Busemann, Stephan and Declerck, Thierry and Diagne, Abdel Kader and Hinkelman, Elizabeth and Uszkoreit, Hans},
      TITLE = {Cooperative Schedule Management Agent. Abschlussbericht COSMA},
      YEAR = {1997},
      NUMBER = {R:S97-216},
      ADDRESS = {Saarbrücken},
      TYPE = {DFKI-Report},
      INSTITUTION = {DFKI},
      URL = {http://www.dfki.de/dfkibib/publications/docs/cosma-abschluss.pdf},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Busemann:1997:CSM.pdf}
}

@InProceedings{Busemann_Harbusch:1993,
      AUTHOR = {Busemann, Stephan and Harbusch, Karin},
      TITLE = {Re-Usability and Modularity},
      YEAR = {1993},
      BOOKTITLE = {DFKI Workshop on Natural Language Systems},
      NUMBER = {D-93-03},
      EDITOR = {Busemann, Stephan and Harbusch, Karin},
      SERIES = {DFKI Document},
      ADDRESS = {Saarbrücken}
}

@InProceedings{Busemann_Harbusch:1993,
      AUTHOR = {Busemann, Stephan and Harbusch, Karin},
      TITLE = {Re-Usability and Modularity},
      YEAR = {1993},
      BOOKTITLE = {DFKI Workshop on Natural Language Systems},
      NUMBER = {D-93-03},
      EDITOR = {Busemann, Stephan and Harbusch, Karin},
      SERIES = {DFKI Document},
      ADDRESS = {Saarbrücken}
}

@Proceedings{Stephan_Karin:1993,
      TITLE = {Re-Usability and Modularity. DFKI Workshop on Natural Language Systems, October 23},
      YEAR = {1993},
      NUMBER = {D-93-03},
      EDITOR = {Busemann, Stephan and Harbusch, Karin},
      SERIES = {DFKI Document},
      ADDRESS = {Saarbrücken},
      URL = {http://www.dfki.de/dfkibib/publications/docs/Busemann_1992_DWNLSRM.pdf},
      ABSTRACT = {This document contains 10 working papers presented at the workshop held at Saarbrücken, October 23, 1992.},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Busemann:1993:RUMb.pdf}
}

@InProceedings{Busemann_et_al:1998,
      AUTHOR = {Busemann, Stephan and Harbusch, Karin and Wermter, Stefan},
      TITLE = {Hybride konnektionistische, statistische und regelbasierte Ansätze zur Verarbeitung natürlicher Sprache},
      YEAR = {1998},
      BOOKTITLE = {Workshop auf der 21. Deutschen Jahrestagung für Künstliche Intelligenz, Freiburg, 9.-10. September 1997},
      NUMBER = {D-98-03},
      EDITOR = {Busemann, Stephan and Harbusch, Karin and Wermter, Stefan},
      SERIES = {DFKI Document},
      ADDRESS = {Saarbrücken, Germany},
      PUBLISHER = {DFKI}
}

@InProceedings{Busemann_et_al:1998,
      AUTHOR = {Busemann, Stephan and Harbusch, Karin and Wermter, Stefan},
      TITLE = {Hybride konnektionistische, statistische und regelbasierte Ansätze zur Verarbeitung natürlicher Sprache},
      YEAR = {1998},
      BOOKTITLE = {Workshop auf der 21. Deutschen Jahrestagung für Künstliche Intelligenz, Freiburg, 9.-10. September 1997},
      NUMBER = {D-98-03},
      EDITOR = {Busemann, Stephan and Harbusch, Karin and Wermter, Stefan},
      SERIES = {DFKI Document},
      ADDRESS = {Saarbrücken, Germany},
      PUBLISHER = {DFKI}
}

@Proceedings{Stephan_et_al:1998,
      TITLE = {Workshop auf der 21. Deutschen Jahrestagung für Künstliche Intelligenz, Freiburg, 9.-10. September 1997},
      YEAR = {1998},
      NUMBER = {D-98-03},
      EDITOR = {Busemann, Stephan and Harbusch, Karin and Wermter, Stefan},
      SERIES = {DFKI Document},
      ADDRESS = {Saarbrücken, Germany},
      PUBLISHER = {DFKI},
      URL = {ftp://ftp.dfki.uni-kl.de/pub/Publications/ResearchReports/1998/RR-98-03.ps.gz},
      ABSTRACT = {The present document includes the proceedings of a workshop on hybrid connectionist, statistical, and rule-based approaches to natural language processing. The workshop was held during the 21st Annual Conference for Artificial Intelligence, Freiburg, Germany, 1997. See http://www.dfki.uni-kl.de/dfkidok/publications/D/98/03/abstract.html.},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Busemann:1998:WDJ.pdf Busemann:1998:WDJ.ps}
}

@InCollection{Busemann_Hauenschild:1988,
      AUTHOR = {Busemann, Stephan and Hauenschild, Christa},
      TITLE = {A Constructive Version of GPSG for Machine Translation},
      YEAR = {1988},
      BOOKTITLE = {From Syntax to Semantics. Insights from Machine Translation},
      PAGES = {216-238},
      EDITOR = {Steiner, Erich and Schmidt, Paul and Zelinsky-Wibbelt, C.},
      PUBLISHER = {Frances Pinter}
}

@InProceedings{Busemann_Hauenschild:1989,
      AUTHOR = {Busemann, Stephan and Hauenschild, Christa},
      TITLE = {From FAS Representations to GPSG Structures},
      YEAR = {1989},
      BOOKTITLE = {Views of the Syntax/ Semantics Interface. Proceedings of the Workshop 'GPSG and Semantics', February 22-24},
      NUMBER = {74},
      PAGES = {17-43},
      EDITOR = {Busemann, Stephan and Hauenschild, Christa and Umbach, Carla},
      SERIES = {KIT-Report},
      ADDRESS = {Berlin},
      PUBLISHER = {TU Berlin}
}

@InProceedings{Busemann_Hauenschild:1989,
      AUTHOR = {Busemann, Stephan and Hauenschild, Christa},
      TITLE = {From FAS Representations to GPSG Structures},
      YEAR = {1989},
      BOOKTITLE = {Views of the Syntax/ Semantics Interface. Proceedings of the Workshop 'GPSG and Semantics', February 22-24},
      NUMBER = {74},
      PAGES = {17-43},
      EDITOR = {Busemann, Stephan and Hauenschild, Christa and Umbach, Carla},
      SERIES = {KIT-Report},
      ADDRESS = {Berlin},
      PUBLISHER = {TU Berlin}
}

@Proceedings{Stephan_et_al:1989,
      TITLE = {Views of the Syntax/ Semantics Interface. Proceedings of the Workshop 'GPSG and Semantics', February 22-24},
      YEAR = {1989},
      NUMBER = {74},
      EDITOR = {Busemann, Stephan and Hauenschild, Christa and Umbach, Carla},
      SERIES = {KIT-Report},
      ADDRESS = {Berlin},
      PUBLISHER = {TU Berlin}
}

@InProceedings{Busemann_Horacek:1997,
      AUTHOR = {Busemann, Stephan and Horacek, Helmut},
      TITLE = {Generating Air-Quality Reports from Environmental Data},
      YEAR = {1997},
      BOOKTITLE = {DFKI Workshop on Natural Language Generation},
      NUMBER = {D-97-06},
      PAGES = {15-21},
      EDITOR = {Becker, Tilman and Busemann, Stephan and Finkler, Wolfgang},
      SERIES = {DFKI Document},
      ADDRESS = {Saarbrücken, Germany},
      PUBLISHER = {DFKI},
      URL = {ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/bus-hor97.ps.gz ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/bus-hor97.entry ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/bus-hor97.dvi.gz},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Busemann:1997:GAQ.pdf Busemann:1997:GAQ.ps Busemann:1997:GAQ.dvi}
}

@InProceedings{Busemann_Horacek:1997,
      AUTHOR = {Busemann, Stephan and Horacek, Helmut},
      TITLE = {Generating Air-Quality Reports from Environmental Data},
      YEAR = {1997},
      BOOKTITLE = {DFKI Workshop on Natural Language Generation},
      NUMBER = {D-97-06},
      PAGES = {15-21},
      EDITOR = {Becker, Tilman and Busemann, Stephan and Finkler, Wolfgang},
      SERIES = {DFKI Document},
      ADDRESS = {Saarbrücken, Germany},
      PUBLISHER = {DFKI},
      URL = {ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/bus-hor97.ps.gz ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/bus-hor97.entry ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/bus-hor97.dvi.gz},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Busemann:1997:GAQ.pdf Busemann:1997:GAQ.ps Busemann:1997:GAQ.dvi}
}

@InProceedings{Busemann_Horacek:1998,
      AUTHOR = {Busemann, Stephan and Horacek, Helmut},
      TITLE = {A Flexible Shallow Approach to Text Generation},
      YEAR = {1998},
      BOOKTITLE = {9th International Natural Language Generation Workshop (INLG '98), August 5-7},
      PAGES = {238-247},
      EDITOR = {Hovy, Eduard},
      ADDRESS = {Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario, Canada},
      URL = {ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/busemann-horacek98.ps.gz ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/busemann-horhacek98.entry ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/busemann-horacek98.dvi.gz. http://arXiv.org/abs/cs.CL/9812018},
      ABSTRACT = {In order to support the efficient development of NL generation systems, two orthogonal methods are currently pursued with emphasis: (1) reusable, general, and linguistically motivated surface realization components, and (2) simple, task-oriented template-based techniques. In this paper we argue that, from an application-oriented perspective, the benefits of both are still limited. In order to improve this situation, we suggest and evaluate shallow generation methods associated with increased flexibility. We advise a close connection between domain-motivated and linguistic ontologies that supports the quick adaptation to new tasks and domains, rather than the reuse of general resources. Our method is especially designed for generating reports with limited linguistic variations.},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Busemann:1998:FSA.pdf Busemann:1998:FSA.ps Busemann:1998:FSA.dvi}
}

@TechReport{Busemann_Merget:1995,
      AUTHOR = {Busemann, Stephan and Merget, Iris},
      TITLE = {Eine Untersuchung kommerzieller Terminverwaltungs-Software im Hinblick auf die Kopplung mit natürlichsprachlichen Systemen},
      YEAR = {1995},
      NUMBER = {D-95-11},
      ADDRESS = {Saarbrücken},
      TYPE = {DFKI Document},
      INSTITUTION = {DFKI},
      URL = {ftp://ftp.dfki.uni-kl.de/pub/Publications/Documents/1995/D-95-11.ps.gz},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Busemann:1995:UKT.pdf Busemann:1995:UKT.ps}
}

@TechReport{Busemann_Novak:1992,
      AUTHOR = {Busemann, Stephan and Novak, Hans-Joachim},
      TITLE = {Generierung natürlicher Sprache},
      YEAR = {1992},
      NUMBER = {RR-92-50},
      ADDRESS = {Saarbrücken},
      TYPE = {Research Report},
      INSTITUTION = {DFKI},
      URL = {http://www.dfki.de/dfkibib/publications/docs/Busemann_1992_GNS.pdf},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Busemann:1992:GNSb.pdf}
}

@InCollection{Busemann_Novak:1995,
      AUTHOR = {Busemann, Stephan and Novak, Hans-Joachim},
      TITLE = {Generierung natürlicher Sprache},
      YEAR = {1995},
      BOOKTITLE = {Einführung in die Künstliche Intelligenz},
      PAGES = {492-540},
      EDITOR = {Görz, Günther},
      ADDRESS = {Bonn},
      PUBLISHER = {Addison-Wesley},
      URL = {http://www.dfki.de/dfkibib/publications/docs/Busemann_1992_GNS.pdf},
      NOTE = {2. Auflage},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Busemann:1995:GNS.pdf}
}

@TechReport{Busemann_et_al:1994,
      AUTHOR = {Busemann, Stephan and Oepen, Stefan and Hinkelman, Elizabeth and Neumann, Günter and Uszkoreit, Hans},
      TITLE = {COSMA - Multi-Participant NL Interaction for Appointment Scheduling},
      YEAR = {1994},
      NUMBER = {RR-94-34},
      ADDRESS = {Saarbrücken},
      TYPE = {Research Report},
      INSTITUTION = {DFKI},
      URL = {ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/RR-94-34.dvi.Z ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/RR-94-34.entry ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/RR-94-34.ps.Z http://www.dfki.uni-kl.de/~dfkidok/publications/RR/94/34/abstract.html},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Busemann:1994:CMP.pdf Busemann:1994:CMP.ps Busemann:1994:CMP.dvi}
}

@InProceedings{Busemann_et_al:2000,
      AUTHOR = {Busemann, Stephan and Schmeier, Sven and Arens, Roman G.},
      TITLE = {Message Classification in the Call Center},
      YEAR = {2000},
      BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 6th Applied Natural Language Processing Conference (ANLP'00), April 29 - May 4},
      PAGES = {158-165},
      EDITOR = {Nirenburg, Sergei and Appelt, Douglas and Ciravegna, Fabio and Dale, Robert},
      ADDRESS = {Seattle, Washington, USA},
      PUBLISHER = {ACL},
      URL = {ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/bus:sch:are:00.ps.gz ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/bus:sch:are:00.entry ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/bus:sch:are:00.dvi.gz. http://arXiv.org/abs/cs.CL/0003060},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Busemann:2000:MCC.pdf Busemann:2000:MCC.ps Busemann:2000:MCC.dvi}
}

@InProceedings{Horacek_Busemann:1998,
      AUTHOR = {Horacek, Helmut and Busemann, Stephan},
      TITLE = {Towards a Methodology for Developing Application-Oriented Report Generation},
      YEAR = {1998},
      BOOKTITLE = {KI-98: Advances in Artificial Intelligence. 22nd Annual German Conference on Artificial Intelligence, September 15-17},
      NUMBER = {1504},
      PAGES = {189-200},
      EDITOR = {Herzog, Otthein and Günther, Andreas},
      SERIES = {Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence},
      ADDRESS = {Bremen},
      PUBLISHER = {Springer},
      URL = {ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/horacek-busemann98.ps.gz},
      ABSTRACT = {Although research in natural language generation has led to the development of numerous methods and reusable software tools, we feel that building comparably simple application systems still involves more hand-crafted skills than systematic methodology. In our view, this is due to the fact that most available tools are oriented towards contributing to a general purpose generation system rather than supporting the economic development of dedicated applications. In order to improve this situation, we present a methodology for developing application-oriented report generation with limited effort, emphasizing domain- and user-specific preferences over general-purpose communicative principles. Key parts in our approach comprise building an ontologically minimal initial representation on the basis of user parameters and associated domain data, the successive refinement of this initial representation by making implicit information explicit enough for fleshing out selected text and sentence patterns, and the opportunistic combination of linguistically motivated methods with template-based generation. This methodology should enable system developers to build application-oriented report generators more systematically and with reduced effort.},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Horacek:1998:TMD.pdf Horacek:1998:TMD.ps}
}

@InProceedings{Kasper:1993,
      AUTHOR = {Kasper, Walter},
      TITLE = {Integration of Syntax and Semantics in Feature Structures},
      YEAR = {1993},
      BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the DFKI Workshop on Natural Language Systems: Re-Usability and Modularity, October 23},
      NUMBER = {D-93-03},
      EDITOR = {Busemann, Stephan and Harbusch, Karin},
      SERIES = {DFKI Document},
      ADDRESS = {Saarbrücken, Germany},
      PUBLISHER = {DFKI Saarbrücken},
      URL = {http://www.dfki.de/dfkibib/publications/docs/Busemann_1992_DWNLSRM.pdf},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Kasper:1993:ISS.pdf}
}

@InProceedings{Kasper_Steffen:2002,
      AUTHOR = {Kasper, Walter and Steffen, Jörg},
      TITLE = {Multilingual flexible and robust summarization},
      YEAR = {2002},
      BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings der 6. Konferenz zur Verarbeitung natürlicher Sprache (KONVENS 2002), 30. September - 2. Oktober},
      PAGES = {215-218},
      EDITOR = {Busemann, Stephan},
      SERIES = {DFKI Document D-02-01},
      ADDRESS = {Saarbrücken, Germany},
      PUBLISHER = {German Research Center for AI (DFKI)},
      URL = {http://konvens2002.dfki.de/cd/pdf/44P-steffen.pdf},
      ABSTRACT = {SumEx is multilingual, flexible and robust system for automatic text summarization following a sentence extraction approach. The paper presents an overview of this system.},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Kasper:2002:MFR.pdf}
}

@InProceedings{Klein_et_al:1997,
      AUTHOR = {Klein, Judith and Busemann, Stephan and Declerck, Thierry},
      TITLE = {Diagnostic Evaluation of Shallow Parsing Through an Annotated Reference Corpus},
      YEAR = {1997},
      BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Workshop on Evaluation in Speech and Language Technology (SALT) on Evaluation in Speech and Language Technology, June 17-18},
      PAGES = {121-128},
      ADDRESS = {University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK},
      URL = {ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/declerck97_salt.ps.gz ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/declerck97_salt.ps.gz},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Klein:1997:DES.pdf Klein:1997:DES.ps}
}

@InProceedings{Klein_et_al:1993,
      AUTHOR = {Klein, Judith and Dickmann, Ludwig and Diagne, Abdel Kader and Nerbonne, John and Netter, Klaus},
      TITLE = {A Diagnostic Tool for German Syntax},
      YEAR = {1993},
      BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the DFKI Workshop on Natural Language Systems: Re-Usability and Modularity, October 23},
      NUMBER = {D-93-03},
      EDITOR = {Busemann, Stephan and Harbusch, Karin},
      SERIES = {DFKI Document},
      ADDRESS = {Saarbrücken, Germany},
      PUBLISHER = {DFKI},
      URL = {http://www.dfki.de/dfkibib/publications/docs/Busemann_1992_DWNLSRM.pdf},
      ABSTRACT = {In this paper we describe an effort to construct a catalogue of syntactic data, exemplifying the major syntactic patterns of German. The purpose of the corpus is to support the diagnosis of errors in the syntactic components of natural language processing (NLP) systems. Two secondary aims are the evaluation of NLP systems components and the support of theoretical and empirical work on German syntax. The data consist of artificially and systematically constructed expressions, including also negative (ungrammatical) examples. The data are organized into a relational data base and annotated with some basic information about the phenomena illustrated and the internal structure of the sample sentences. The organization of the data supports selected systematic testing of specific areas of syntax, but also serves the purpose of a linguistic data base. The paper first gives some general motivation for the necessity of syntactic precision in some areas of NLP and discusses the potential contribution of a syntactic data base to the field of component evaluation. The second part of the paper describes the set up and control methods applied in the construction of the sentence suite and annotations to the examples. We illustrate the approach with the example of verbal government. The section also contains a description of the abstract data model, the design of the data base and the query language used to access the data. The final sections compare our work to existing approaches and sketch some future extensions. We invite other research groups to participate in our effort, so that the diagnostics tool can eventually become public domain.},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Klein:1993:DTG.pdf}
}

@InProceedings{Krenn_et_al:2002,
      AUTHOR = {Krenn, Brigitte and Grice, Martine and Piwek, Paul and Schröder, Marc and Klesen, Martin and Baumann, Stefan and Pirker, Hannes and van Deemter, Kees and Gstrein, Erich},
      TITLE = {Generation of Multi-Modal Dialogue for Net Environments},
      YEAR = {2002},
      BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings der 6. Konferenz zur Verarbeitung natürlicher Sprache (KONVENS 2002), 30. September - 2. Oktober},
      PAGES = {91-98},
      EDITOR = {Busemann, Stephan},
      SERIES = {DFKI Document D-02-01},
      ADDRESS = {Saarbrücken, Germany},
      PUBLISHER = {German Research Center for AI (DFKI)}
}

@InProceedings{Lenci_et_al:2002,
      AUTHOR = {Lenci, Alessandro and Bartolini, Roberto and Calzolari, Nicoletta and Agua, Ana and Busemann, Stephan and Cartier, Emmanuel and Chevreau, Karine and Coch, José},
      TITLE = {Multilingual Summarization by Integrating Linguistic Resources in the MLIS-MUSI Project},
      YEAR = {2002},
      BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC'02), May 29-31},
      ADDRESS = {Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain},
      URL = {ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/MUSI_paper_LREC2002.pdf},
      ABSTRACT = {In this paper we will illustrate the approach to multilingual automatic abstract production adopted by the EUsponsored project MLIS MUSI. Although a small scale research project, MUSI has tried to tackle the challenges set by multilingual summarization by adopting an original approach based on the definition of a shared ontology and representation language, and on the reuse of existing linguistic resources. MUSI combines a statisticbased module for relevant sentence extraction and a conceptbased component to generate multilingual summaries.},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Lenci:2002:MSI.pdf}
}

@InProceedings{Müller:2002_6,
      AUTHOR = {Müller, Stefan},
      TITLE = {Mehrfache Vorfeldbesetzung},
      YEAR = {2002},
      BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings der 6. Konferenz zur Verarbeitung natürlicher Sprache (KONVENS 2002), 30. September - 2. Oktober},
      PAGES = {115-122},
      EDITOR = {Busemann, Stephan},
      SERIES = {DFKI Document D-02-01},
      ADDRESS = {Saarbrücken, Germany},
      PUBLISHER = {German Research Center for AI (DFKI)},
      URL = {http://www.dfki.de/~stefan/PS/konvens2002.pdf},
      ABSTRACT = {In diesem Aufsatz wird gezeigt, daß das Voranstellen von mehreren Konstituenten vor das finite Verb im Deutschen möglich ist, obwohl das Deutsche normalerweise als Verbzweitsprache klassifiziert wird. Es wird eine HPSG-Analyse entwickelt, die die Konstituenten im Vorfeld als zusammengehörige Einheit analysiert und diese Einheit in Bezug zu einem Verb setzt.},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Muller:2002:MV.pdf}
}

@InProceedings{Nerbonne_et_al:1993_2,
      AUTHOR = {Nerbonne, John and Oepen, Stefan and Diagne, Abdel Kader and Konrad, Karsten and Neis, Ingo},
      TITLE = {NLL - Tools for Meaning Representation},
      YEAR = {1993},
      BOOKTITLE = {DFKI Workshop on Natural Language Systems: Re-Usability and Modularity, October 23},
      NUMBER = {D-93-03},
      PAGES = {43-50},
      EDITOR = {Busemann, Stephan and Harbusch, Karin},
      SERIES = {DFKI Document},
      ADDRESS = {Saarbrücken, Germany}
}

@InProceedings{Netter:1993,
      AUTHOR = {Netter, Klaus},
      TITLE = {Architecture and Coverage of the DISCO Grammar},
      YEAR = {1993},
      BOOKTITLE = {DFKI Workshop on Natural Language Systems: Re-Usability and Modularity, October 23},
      NUMBER = {D-93-03},
      PAGES = {1-10},
      EDITOR = {Busemann, Stephan and Harbusch, Karin},
      SERIES = {DFKI Document},
      ADDRESS = {Saarbrücken, Germany},
      PUBLISHER = {DFKI},
      URL = {ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/kndisco.dvi.Z ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/kndisco.entry ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/kndisco.ps.Z http://www.dfki.de/dfkibib/publications/docs/Busemann_1992_DWNLSRM.pdf},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Netter:1993:ACD.pdf}
}

@InProceedings{Neumann:1993_2,
      AUTHOR = {Neumann, Günter},
      TITLE = {The DISCO Development Shell and its Application in the COSMA System},
      YEAR = {1993},
      BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the DFKI Workschop on Natural Languages Systems: Reusability and Modularity, October 23},
      NUMBER = {D-93-03},
      PAGES = {65-74},
      EDITOR = {Busemann, Stephan and Harbusch, Karin},
      SERIES = {DFKI Document},
      ADDRESS = {Saarbrücken, Germany},
      PUBLISHER = {DFKI},
      URL = {http://www.dfki.de/dfkibib/publications/docs/Neumann_1992_TDDSACS.pdf http://www.dfki.de/dfkibib/publications/docs/Busemann_1992_DWNLSRM.pdf},
      ABSTRACT = {This paper describes the Disco DEVELOPMENT SHELL, which serves as a basic tool for the integration of natural language components in the Disco project, and its application in the COSMA system, a Cooperative Schedule Management Agent. Following an object oriented architectural model we introduce a two-step approach, where in the first phase the architecture is developed independently of specific components to be used and of a particular flow of control. In the second phase the frame system is instantiated by the integration of existing components as well as by defining the particular flow of control between these components. Because of the object-oriented paradigm it is easy to augment the frame system, which increases the flexibility of the whole system with respect to new applications. The development of the COSMA system will serve as an example of this claim.},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Neumann:1993:DDS.pdf}
}

@InProceedings{Uszkoreit_et_al:1994,
      AUTHOR = {Uszkoreit, Hans and Backofen, Rolf and Busemann, Stephan and Diagne, Abdel Kader and Hinkelman, Elizabeth and Kasper, Walter and Kiefer, Bernd and Krieger, Hans-Ulrich and Netter, Klaus and Neumann, Günter and Oepen, Stephan and Spackman, Stephen P.},
      TITLE = {DISCO - An HPSG-Based NLP System and its Application for Appointment Scheduling},
      YEAR = {1994},
      BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING'94), August 5-9},
      VOLUME = {1},
      PAGES = {436-440},
      ADDRESS = {Kyoto, Japan},
      URL = {ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/coli.ps.Z ftp://ftp.dfki.uni-kl.de/pub/Publications/ResearchReports/1994/RR-94-38.ps.gz ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/coli.dvi.Z ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/coli.entry},
      ABSTRACT = {The natural language system DISCO is described. It combines - a powerful and flexible grammar development system - linguistic competence for German including morphology, syntax and semantics - new methods for linguistic performance modelling on the basis of high-level competence grammars - new methods for modelling multi-agent dialogue competence - an interesting sample application for appointment scheduling and calendar management},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Uszkoreit:1994:DHBa.pdf Uszkoreit:1994:DHBa.ps}
}

@TechReport{Uszkoreit_et_al:1994_1,
      AUTHOR = {Uszkoreit, Hans and Backofen, Rolf and Busemann, Stephan and Diagne, Abdel Kader and Hinkelman, Elizabeth and Kasper, Walter and Kiefer, Bernd and Krieger, Hans-Ulrich and Netter, Klaus and Neumann, Günter and Oepen, Stefan and Spackmann, Stephen},
      TITLE = {DISCO - An HPSG-Based NLP System and its Application for Appointment Scheduling},
      YEAR = {1994},
      NUMBER = {RR-94-38},
      ADDRESS = {Saarbrücken},
      TYPE = {Research Report},
      INSTITUTION = {DFKI},
      ABSTRACT = {The natural language system DISCO is described. It combines o a powerful and flexible grammar development system; o linguistic competence for German including morphology, syntax and semantics; o new methods for linguistic performance modelling on the basis of high-level competence grammars; o new methods for modelling multi-agent dialogue competence; o an interesting sample application for appointment scheduling and calendar management.},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Uszkoreit:1994:DHBb.pdf Uszkoreit:1994:DHBb.ps}
}

@InProceedings{Busemann_et_al:2003,
      AUTHOR = {Busemann, Stephan and Drozdzynski, Witold and Krieger, Hans-Ulrich and Piskorski, Jakub and Schäfer, Ulrich and Uszkoreit, Hans and Xu, Feiyu},
      TITLE = {Integrating Information Extraction and Automatic Hyperlinking},
      YEAR = {2003},
      BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of ACL-2003, 41st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
      ADDRESS = {Sapporo, Japan}
}

@InProceedings{BuZh2008,
      AUTHOR = {Busemann, Stephan and Zhang, Yajing},
      TITLE = {Identifying foreign person names in Chinese text},
      YEAR = {2008},
      BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation : LREC 2008, May 26 - June 1, 2008, Palais des congrès Mansour Eddahbi, Marrakech, Morocco},
      PAGES = {2556-2563},
      ADDRESS = {Paris},
      ORGANIZATION = {ELRA},
      NOTE = {HU}
}

@InProceedings{DaniBus2012,
      AUTHOR = {Danilava, Svetlana and Busemann, Stephan and Schommer, Christoph},
      TITLE = {Artificial conversational companions : a requirements analysis},
      YEAR = {2012},
      MONTH = {6-8 February},
      BOOKTITLE = {ICAART 2012 : proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence},
      PAGES = {282-289},
      NOTE = {HU}
}

@InProceedings{UszGabHen2017,
      AUTHOR = {Uszkoreit, Hans and Gabryszak, Aleksandra and Hennig, Leonhard and Steffen, Jörg and Ai, Renlong and Busemann, Stephan and Dehdari, Jon and van Genabith, Josef and Heigold, Georg and Rethmeier, Nils and Rubino, Raphael and Schmeier, Sven and Thomas, Philippe and Wang, He and Xu, Feiyu},
      TITLE = {Common Round: Application of Language Technologies to Large-Scale Web Debates},
      YEAR = {2017},
      MONTH = {April},
      BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Software Demonstrations of the 15th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
      PAGES = {5-8},
      ADDRESS = {Valencia, Spanien},
      NOTE = {LT}
}