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@InProceedings{Alshawi_et_al:1991,
      AUTHOR = {Alshawi, Hiyan and Block, Hans Ullrich and Carter, David M. and Gambäck, Björn and Hunze, Richard and Peng, Ping and Rayner, Manny and Schachtl, Stephanie and Schmid, Ludwig},
      TITLE = {Communication multilinguale par forme quasi logique},
      YEAR = {1991},
      BOOKTITLE = {Conference on Natural Language Processing and its Applications},
      PAGES = {245-252},
      ADDRESS = {Avignon, France},
      URL = {http://www.sics.se/~gamback/publications/avignon91.ps},
      ABSTRACT = {In this paper we describe the experience gained and results obtained through devloping a transferbased interactive translation system which combines two language processing systems. The only part these systems have in common is the level of the semantic representation, for which we chose the quasilogical form.},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Alshawi:1991:CMP.pdf Alshawi:1991:CMP.ps}
}

@TechReport{Alshawi_et_al:1991_1,
      AUTHOR = {Alshawi, Hiyan and Brown, Charles G. and Carter, David M. and Gambäck, Björn and Pulman, Stephen G. and Rayner, Manny},
      TITLE = {Bilingual Conversation Interpreter: A Prototype Message Translator},
      YEAR = {1991},
      NUMBER = {R91011 and CRC-018},
      ADDRESS = {Stockholm, Sweden and Cambridge, England},
      TYPE = {Final report. Joint Research Report},
      INSTITUTION = {SICS and SRI},
      URL = {www.sics.se/humle/papers/R91011.ps},
      ABSTRACT = {This document is the final report for a research project aimed at producing a prototype system for on-line translation of typed dialogues between speakers of different natural languages. The work was carried out jointly by SICS and SRI Cambridge. The resulting prototype system (called Bilingual Conversation Interpreter, or BCI) translates between English and Swedish in both directions. The major components of the BCI are two copies of the SRI Core Language Engine, equipped with English and Swedish grammars respectively. These are linked by the transfer and disambiguation components. Translation takes place by analyzing the source-language sentence into Quasi Logical Form (QLF), a linguistically motivated logical representation, transferring this into a target-language QLF, and generating a targetlanguage sentence. When ambiguities occur that cannot be resolved automatically, they are clarified by querying the appropriate user. The clarification dialogue presupposes no knowledge of either linguistics or the other language. The prototype system has a broad grammatical coverage, a initial vocabulary of about 1000 words together with vocabulary expansion tools, and a set of English-Swedish transfer rules. The formalisms developed for coding this linguistic information make it relatively easy to extend the system. We believe that the project was successful in demonstrating the feasibility of using these techniques for interactive translation applications, and provides a sound basis for development of a large scale message translator system with potential for commercial exploitation.},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Alshawi:1991:BCI.pdf}
}

@TechReport{Alshawi_et_al:1991_2,
      AUTHOR = {Alshawi, Hiyan and Carter, David M. and Gambäck, Björn and Pulman, Stephen G. and Rayner, Manny},
      TITLE = {Transfer through Quasi Logical Form: A New Approach to Machine Translation},
      YEAR = {1991},
      NUMBER = {T91020},
      ADDRESS = {Stockholm, Sweden},
      TYPE = {Technical Report},
      INSTITUTION = {SICS},
      URL = {www.sics.se/humle/papers/T91020.ps},
      ABSTRACT = {This document is an introduction to a research project aimed at produc- ing a prototype system for on-line translation of typed dialogues between speakers of different natural languages. The work was carried out jointly by SICS and SRI Cambridge. The resulting prototype system (called Bilingual Conversation Interpreter, or BCI) translates between English and Swedish in both directions.},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Alshawi:1991:TTQ.pdf Alshawi:1991:TTQ.ps}
}

@InProceedings{Alshawi_et_al:1992,
      AUTHOR = {Alshawi, Hiyan and Carter, David M. and Gambäck, Björn and Pulman, Stephen G. and Rayner, Manny},
      TITLE = {English-Swedish Translation Dialogue Software},
      YEAR = {1992},
      BOOKTITLE = {Conference on Translating and the Computer},
      ADDRESS = {London, England},
      URL = {http://www.sics.se/~gamback/publications/aslib92.ps},
      ABSTRACT = {The paper describes the BCI, a prototype interactive machinetranslation system, constructed by connecting English and Swedish versions of the SRI Core Language Engine through a transfer component. Transfer takes place at the level of Quasi Logical Form (QLF), a contextually sensitive logical form representation which is deep enough for dealing with crosslinguistic differences. Theoretical arguments are presented to support the claim that QLF transfer represents a good compromise between the opposing paradigms of syntactic transfer and semantic interlingua based MT. An annotated example dialogue is shown. A followon project, in which the BCI is used as the core of a spokenlanguage translation system, is briefly described.},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Alshawi:1992:EST.pdf Alshawi:1992:EST.ps}
}

@TechReport{Alshawi_et_al:1991_3,
      AUTHOR = {Alshawi, Hiyan and Carter, David M. and Gambäck, Björn and Rayner, Manny},
      TITLE = {Translation by Quasi Logical Form Transfer},
      YEAR = {1991},
      NUMBER = {CRC-021},
      ADDRESS = {Cambridge, England},
      TYPE = {SRI International Technical Report},
      URL = {http://acl.ldc.upenn.edu/P/P91/P91-1021.pdf},
      ABSTRACT = {The paper describes work on applying a general purpose natural language processing system to transfer-based interactive translation. Transfer takes place at the level of Quasi Logical Form (QLF), a contextually sensitive logical form representation which is deep enough for dealing with cross-linguistic differences. Theoretical arguments and experimental results are presented to support the claim that this framework has good properties in terms of modularity, compositionality, reversibility and monotonicity. QLFs were selected as the appropriate level for transfer because they are far enough removed from surface linguistic form to provide the flexibility required by cross-linguistic differences. On the other hand, the linguistic, unification-based processing involved in creating them can be carried out efficiently and without the need to reason about the domain or context; the QLF language has constructs for explicit representation of contextually sensitive aspects of interpretation.},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Alshawi:1991:TQLa.pdf}
}

@InCollection{Alshawi_et_al:1992_1,
      AUTHOR = {Alshawi, Hiyan and Carter, David M. and Gambäck, Björn and Rayner, Manny},
      TITLE = {Swedish-English QLF Translation},
      YEAR = {1992},
      BOOKTITLE = {The Core Language Engine},
      PAGES = {277-309},
      EDITOR = {Alshawi, Hiyan},
      ADDRESS = {Cambridge, England},
      PUBLISHER = {MIT Press}
}

@InProceedings{Alshawi_et_al:1991_4,
      AUTHOR = {Alshawi, Hiyan and Carter, David M. and Rayner, Manny and Gambäck, Björn},
      TITLE = {Translation by Quasi Logical Form Transfer},
      YEAR = {1991},
      BOOKTITLE = {29th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACLANNUAL '91), June 18-21},
      PAGES = {161-168},
      EDITOR = {ACL},
      ADDRESS = {Berkeley, California, USA},
      URL = {http://acl.ldc.upenn.edu/P/P91/P91-1021.pdf},
      ABSTRACT = {The paper describes work on applying a general purpose natural language processing system to transfer-based interactive translation. Transfer takes place at the level of Quasi Logical Form (QLF), a contextually sensitive logical form representation which is deep enough for dealing with cross-linguistic differences. Theoretical arguments and experimental results are presented to support the claim that this framework has good properties in terms of modularity, compositionality, reversibility and monotonicity. QLFs were selected as the appropriate level for transfer because they are far enough removed from surface linguistic form to provide the flexibility required by cross-linguistic differences. On the other hand, the linguistic, unification-based processing involved in creating them can be carried out efficiently and without the need to reason about the domain or context; the QLF language has constructs for explicit representation of contextually sensitive aspects of interpretation.}
}

@InProceedings{Gambäck_et_al:1991,
      AUTHOR = {Gambäck, Björn and Alshawi, Hiyan and Carter, David M. and Rayner, Manny},
      TITLE = {Measuring Compositionality of Transfer},
      YEAR = {1991},
      BOOKTITLE = {Evaluators' Forum, April 21-24},
      PAGES = {181-184},
      EDITOR = {Falkedal, Kirsten},
      ADDRESS = {Les Rasses, Switzerland},
      PUBLISHER = {ISSCO Publications}
}

@InProceedings{Gambäck_et_al:1991_1,
      AUTHOR = {Gambäck, Björn and Alshawi, Hiyan and Carter, David M. and Rayner, Manny},
      TITLE = {Measuring Compositionality in Transfer-Based Machine Translation Systems},
      YEAR = {1991},
      BOOKTITLE = {Natural Language Processing Systems Evaluation Workshop, June},
      NUMBER = {RL-TR-91-362},
      PAGES = {141-145},
      EDITOR = {Neal, J. G. and Walter, Stefan},
      SERIES = {Technical Report},
      ADDRESS = {University of California, Berkeley, California},
      PUBLISHER = {ACL},
      URL = {http://www.sics.se/~gamback/publications/nlp_eval91.ps},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Gamback:1991:MCTa.pdf Gamback:1991:MCTa.ps}
}

@InProceedings{Gambäck_Rayner:1990,
      AUTHOR = {Gambäck, Björn and Rayner, Manny},
      TITLE = {A Micro-World for Reasoning about Communicating Agents},
      YEAR = {1990},
      BOOKTITLE = {9th Annual Workshop and Meeting of the Swedish Artificial Intelligence Society, April},
      PAGES = {35-39},
      ADDRESS = {Stockholm, Sweden}
}

@TechReport{Gambäck_Rayner:1990_1,
      AUTHOR = {Gambäck, Björn and Rayner, Manny},
      TITLE = {Contract Bridge as a Micro-World for Reasoning about Communicating Agents},
      YEAR = {1990},
      MONTH = {November},
      NUMBER = {R90011},
      ADDRESS = {Stockholm},
      TYPE = {Research Report},
      INSTITUTION = {Swedish Institute for Computer Science},
      URL = {ftp://ftp.sics.se/pub/SICS-reports/Reports/SICS-R--90-11--SE.ps.Z}
}

@InProceedings{Gambäck_et_al:1990,
      AUTHOR = {Gambäck, Björn and Rayner, Manny and Pell, Barney},
      TITLE = {Heuristic Programming in Artificial Intelligence},
      YEAR = {1990},
      BOOKTITLE = {2nd London Conference on Computer Games},
      PAGES = {87-107},
      EDITOR = {Levy, D. N. L. and Beal, D. F.},
      ADDRESS = {London, England},
      PUBLISHER = {Ellis Horwood}
}

@TechReport{Gambäck_et_al:1993,
      AUTHOR = {Gambäck, Björn and Rayner, Manny and Pell, Barney},
      TITLE = {Pragmatic Reasoning in Bridge},
      YEAR = {1993},
      MONTH = {April},
      NUMBER = {299},
      ADDRESS = {Cambridge},
      TYPE = {Technical Report},
      INSTITUTION = {University of Cambridge, Computer Laboratory},
      URL = {http://www.sics.se/~gamback/publications/pragma.ps},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Gamback:1993:PRBa.pdf Gamback:1993:PRBa.ps}
}

@TechReport{Gambäck_et_al:1993_1,
      AUTHOR = {Gambäck, Björn and Rayner, Manny and Pell, Barney},
      TITLE = {Pragmatic Reasoning in Bridge},
      YEAR = {1993},
      NUMBER = {CRC-030},
      ADDRESS = {Cambridge},
      TYPE = {SRI International Technical Report}
}

@Proceedings{Steven_et_al:1997,
      TITLE = {Spoken Language Translation. Proceedings of a Workshop sponsored by the Association of Computational Linguistics and by the European Network in Language and Speech (ELSNET)},
      YEAR = {1997},
      EDITOR = {Krauwer, Steven and Arnold, Doug and Kasper, Walter and Rayner, Manny and Somers, Harold},
      ADDRESS = {Madrid}
}

@InProceedings{Rayner_et_al:1993,
      AUTHOR = {Rayner, Manny and Alshawi, Hiyan and Bretan, Ivan and Carter, David M. and Digalakis, Vassilios and Gambäck, Björn and Kaja, Jaan and Karlgren, Jussi and Lyberg, Bertil and Pulman, Stephen G. and Price, Patti and Samuelsson, Christer},
      TITLE = {A Speech to Speech Translation System Built from Standard Components},
      YEAR = {1993},
      BOOKTITLE = {Workshop on Human Language Technology, March 21-24},
      ADDRESS = {Princeton, New Jersey, USA},
      PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
      URL = {http://www.sics.se/~gamback/publications/hlt93.ps},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Rayner:1993:SSTa.pdf Rayner:1993:SSTa.ps}
}

@TechReport{Rayner_et_al:1993_1,
      AUTHOR = {Rayner, Manny and Alshawi, Hiyan and Bretan, Ivan and Carter, David M. and Digalakis, Vassilios and Gambäck, Björn and Kaja, Jaan and Karlgren, Jussi and Lyberg, Bertil and Pulman, Stephen G. and Price, Patti and Samuelsson, Christer},
      TITLE = {A Speech to Speech Translation System Built from Standard Components},
      YEAR = {1993},
      NUMBER = {CRC-031},
      ADDRESS = {Cambridge},
      TYPE = {SRI International Technical Report},
      INSTITUTION = {Stanford Research Institute}
}

@InProceedings{Rayner_et_al:1993_2,
      AUTHOR = {Rayner, Manny and Bretan, Ivan and Carter, David M. and Collins, Michael and Digalakis, Vassilios and Gambäck, Björn and Kaja, Jaan and Karlgren, Jussi and Lyberg, Bertil and Pulman, Stephen G. and Price, Patti and Samuelsson, Christer},
      TITLE = {Spoken Language Translation with Mid-90's Technology: A Case Study},
      YEAR = {1993},
      BOOKTITLE = {3rd European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology (EUROSPEECH '93), September 21-23},
      VOLUME = {2},
      PAGES = {1299-1302},
      EDITOR = {Fellbaum, K.},
      ADDRESS = {Berlin, Germany}
}

@TechReport{Rayner_et_al:1993_3,
      AUTHOR = {Rayner, Manny and Bretan, Ivan and Carter, David M. and Collins, Michael and Digalakis, Vassilios and Gambäck, Björn and Kaja, Jaan and Karlgren, Jussi and Lyberg, Bertil and Pulman, Stephen G. and Price, Patti and Samuelsson, Christer},
      TITLE = {Spoken Language Translation with Mid-90's Technology: A Case Study},
      YEAR = {1993},
      NUMBER = {CRC-032},
      ADDRESS = {Cambridge},
      TYPE = {SRI International Technical Report},
      INSTITUTION = {SRI International}
}

@InProceedings{Rayner_Samuelsson:1990,
      AUTHOR = {Rayner, Manny and Samuelsson, Christer},
      TITLE = {Using Explanation-Based Learning to Increase Performance in a Large-Scale NL Query Interface},
      YEAR = {1990},
      BOOKTITLE = {3rd DARPA Speech and Natural Language Workshop, June},
      PAGES = {251-256},
      ADDRESS = {Hidden Valley, Pennsylvania, USA},
      PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann}
}

@InProceedings{Samuelsson_Rayner:1990,
      AUTHOR = {Samuelsson, Christer and Rayner, Manny},
      TITLE = {Developing an EBL Bypass for a Natural Language System},
      YEAR = {1990},
      BOOKTITLE = {9th Annual Meeting of the Swedish Artificial Intelligence Society, April},
      ADDRESS = {Stockholm, Sweden}
}

@TechReport{Samuelsson_Rayner:1991,
      AUTHOR = {Samuelsson, Christer and Rayner, Manny},
      TITLE = {Developing an EBL Bypass for a Large-Scale Natural Language Query Interface to Relational Data Bases},
      YEAR = {1991},
      MONTH = {January},
      NUMBER = {R91001},
      ADDRESS = {Stockholm},
      TYPE = {Research Report},
      INSTITUTION = {Swedish Institute of Computer Science (SICS)}
}

@InProceedings{Samuelsson_Rayner:1991_1,
      AUTHOR = {Samuelsson, Christer and Rayner, Manny},
      TITLE = {Explanation-Based Learning as a Tuning Tool for Large-Scale Natural Language Interfaces},
      YEAR = {1991},
      BOOKTITLE = {AAAI Spring Symposium Series, Workshop on Machine Learning in Natural Language and Ontology, March},
      PAGES = {143-145},
      ADDRESS = {Stanford, California, USA}
}

@InProceedings{Samuelsson_Rayner:1991_2,
      AUTHOR = {Samuelsson, Christer and Rayner, Manny},
      TITLE = {Quantitative Evaluation of Explanation-Based Learning as an Optimization Tool for a Large-Scale Natural Language System},
      YEAR = {1991},
      BOOKTITLE = {12th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI '91), August 24-30},
      PAGES = {609-615},
      EDITOR = {Mylopoulos, John and Reiter, Raymond},
      ADDRESS = {Sydney, Australia},
      PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann}
}