Jan 26
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Johnson:2006a
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(Page 2) Is a reason known as to why in Fig. 1 the Bark-Score for the
first formant was significantly lower for French compared to other
roman languages like Italian an Spanish?
   
(Page 10) Why does the representation of the collection of
non-auditory episodic experience through a single node allow the model
to be focussed on auditory/perceptual emergent generalizations?

Johnson (2006) cites Strand (2000) that talks about how listeners
perceive different talkers, and Strand uses monosyllabic words as
tokens. Were monosyllabic words used to control for stress and/or
intonation?

I would like some clarification on what resonance is and its role in
the neural network being implemented in the model (at least this is my
understanding of what I've read).

Why does the model have a harder time with non-stereotypical male
speech?

How does the sociophonetic variation in gender differences, as
discussed in the paper, challenge traditional theories of speech
perception that assume hardwiring as the key to overcoming
variability? Additionally, how does the proposed exemplar-based model
with resonance contribute to our understanding of speech perception
and the emergence of social identity and phonology?

Are there any other reasons that can account for these great
cross-linguistic differences in formant frequency regarding height
differences? For example for Icelandic andBelgian Dutch there is a
similar average height difference, however, they differ greatly in F3.

They say that "People (perhaps especially men) perform gender". Why
would men perform gender more than women?

They also state that "In exemplar-based modeling we have to decide
what a linguistic experience is, because exemplars are ‘‘experienced
instances’’ of language" and then argue that nonconscious brain states
or events are not experiences. Why is that? Even when we perceive
something unconciously, we still experience it, don't we?

It is also interesting to note that even in the same language there
are formant differences between male and female speakers of different
dialects.