Software Project: Exemplar Theory

Winter 2022/23, Möbius

M.Sc. Language Science and Technology, B.Sc. Computerlinguistik

3 SWS, 8 CP (M.Sc.) / 12 CP (B.Sc.), LSF/HIS #137826

Wed 16.00-17.30, C7.3/1.12 (seminar room, foyer)


Entrance requirements

None.

Course description

Exemplar Theory assumes that speech perception and production are closely linked to each other in a perception-production loop. Percepts of speech events are stored in long-term memory as exemplars in a high-dimensional cognitive map, encoding phonetic, linguistic and indexical properties of the exemplars. Structured exemplar clouds represent the categories of a given language. Exemplar models have been proposed for several domains of (computational) linguistics, including phonetics, morphology, and syntax.

This software project is intended for students to develop research and project skills. Software projects also intend students to learn to work in a team. The emphasis of the course will be on learning, exploration, and detailed project documentation. The course will begin with a literature review, based on which the participants - in groups of three - will define topics for computational modeling of (aspects, assumptions, mechanisms) of Exemplar Theory. Creativity is encouraged! During ongoing project work, meetings with the lecturer will be arranged according to current needs and progress. At the end of the semester, the projects will present their work in a poster and demo session. Project teams will also document their work in the form of a written project report.

Prerequisites

Previous programming experience and knowledge of (some areas of) language and speech science/technology is recommended.

Deadlines

Registration for course in LSF: Oct 17, 2022
Registration for course credit: Feb 1, 2023
Term paper: Mar 31, 2023

Contact:
  Prof. Dr. Bernd Möbius
  Email
  C7.2/4.10

Schedule (tentative, to be discussed)

Session Topic/Paper Presented by Slides etc.
02.11. Introduction, Organization
Paper assignments
Möbius pdf, pptx
09.11. Discussion of papers:
Abbot-Smith/Tomasello:2006
Bybee:2006
Team A
16.11. Discussion of papers:
Grossberg:2003
Todd/etal:2019
Team B
30.11. Definition of projects all
14.12. Discussion with Prof. Andrew Wedel Team A
25.01. Discussion with Prof. Andrew Wedel Team A
07.02. Discussion Team B
03.05. Presentation of projects all Team A, Team B

Readings (essential)

Bod, Rens. 2006. Exemplar-based syntax: How to get productivity from examples. The Linguistic Review 23:291-320. - pdf

Bybee, Joan and File-Muriel, Richard J. and Napoleao de Souza, Ricardo. 2016. Special reduction: a usage-based approach. Language and Cognition 8:421-446. - pdf

Cutler, Anne and Eisner, Frank and McQueen, James M. and Norris, Denis. 2010. How abstract phonemic categories are necessary for coping with speaker-related variation. Laboratory Phonology 10:91-111. - pdf

Pierrehumbert, Janet B. 2016. Phonological representation: Beyond abstract versus episodic. Annual Review of Linguistics 2:33-52. - pdf

References (modeling)

Grossberg, Stephen. 2003. Resonant neural dynamics of speech perception. Journal of Phonetics 31:423-445. - pdf

Hintzman, Douglas L. 1986. `schema abstraction' in a multiple-trace memory model. Psychological Review 93:328-338. - pdf

Kruschke, John K. 1992. ALCOVE: An exemplar-based connectionist model of category learning. Psychological Review 99:22-44. - pdf

Kübler, Sandra. 2004. Memory-Based Parsing. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. - Google books

Nosofsky, Robert M. 1986. Attention, similarity, and the identification-categorization relationship. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 115:39-57. - pdf

Nosofsky, Robert M., and Roger D. Stanton. 2005. Speeded classification in a probabilistic category structure: Contrasting exemplar-retrieval, decision-boundary, and prototype models. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 31:608-629. - pdf

Nosofsky, Robert M., and Safa R. Zaki. 2002. Exemplar and prototype models revisited: Response strategies, selective attention, and stimulus generalization. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning Memory and Cognition 28:924-940. - pdf

References (classical and seminal)

Abbot-Smith, Kirsten, and Michael Tomasello. 2006. Exemplar-learning and schematization in a usage-based account of syntactic acquisition. The Linguistic Review 23:275-290. - pdf

Bybee, Joan. 2006. From usage to grammar: The mind's response to repetition. Language 82(4):711-733. - pdf

Goldinger, Stephen D. 1996. Words and voices: Episodic traces in spoken word identification and recognition memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 22, 1166-1183. - pdf

Goldinger, Stephen D. 1998. Echoes of echoes? An episodic theory of lexical access. Psychological Review 105:251-279. - pdf

Johnson, Keith. 1997. Speech perception without speaker normalization: An exemplar model. In Keith Johnson and John W. Mullennix (eds.), Talker Variability in Speech Processing, 145-165. San Diego: Academic Press. - pdf

Lacerda, Francisco. 1995. The perceptual-magnet effect: An emergent consequence of exemplar-based phonetic memory. In Proceedings of the 13th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences (Stockholm), 2:140-147. - pdf

Pierrehumbert, Janet. 2001. Exemplar dynamics: Word frequency, lenition and contrast. In Joan Bybee and Paul Hopper (eds.), Frequency and the Emergence of Linguistic Structure, 137-157. Amsterdam: Benjamins. - pdf

References (supplementary)

Hanique, Iris and Aalders, Ellen and Ernestus, Mirjam. 2013. How robust are exemplar effects in word comprehension? The Mental Lexicon 8(3):269-294. - pdf

Harrington, Jonathan and Gubian, Michele and Stevens, Mary and Schiel, Florian. 2019. Phonetic change in an Antarctic winter. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 146(5):3327-3332. - pdf

Hay, Jennifer and Joan Bresnan. 2006. Spoken syntax: The phonetics of giving a hand in New Zealand English. The Linguistic Review 23:321-349. - pdf

Kimball, Amelia E. and Cole, Jennifer and Dell, Gary and Shattuck-Hufnagel, Stefanie. 2015. Categorical vs. episodic memory for pitch accents in English. Proceedings of the 18th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences (Glasgow). 1-5. - pdf

Kirchner, Robert and Moore, Roger~K. and Chen, Tsung-Ying. 2010. Computing phonological generalization over real speech exemplars. Journal of Phonetics 38:540-547. - pdf

*Morano, Lisa and ten Bosch, Louis and Ernestus, Mirjam. 2019. Looking for exemplar effects: testing the comprehension and memory representations of r'duced words in Dutch learners of French. Fuchs et al. (Eds.), Speech Perception and Production: Learning and Memory. - pdf

Nijveld, Annika and ten Bosch, Louis and Ernestus, Mirjam. 2015. Exemplar effects arise in a lexical decision task, but only under adverse listening conditions. Proceedings of the 18th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences (Glasgow). - pdf

*Schweitzer, Antje. 2019. Exemplar-theoretic integration of phonetics and phonology: Detecting prominence categories in phonetic space. Journal of Phonetics 77:1-20. - pdf

Schweitzer, Katrin and Walsh, Michael and Calhoun, Sasha and Schütze, Hinrich and Möbius, Bernd and Schweitzer, Antje and Dogil, Grzegorz. 2015. Exploring the relationship between intonation and the lexicon: Evidence for lexicalised storage of intonation. Speech Communication 66:65-81. - pdf

Tilsen, Sam. 2009. Subphonemic and cross-phonemic priming in vowel shadowing: Evidence for the involvement of exemplars in production. Journal of Phonetics 37:276-296. - pdf

*Todd, Simon and Pierrehumbert, Janet B. and Hay, Jennifer. 2019. Word frequency effects in sound change as a consequence of perceptual asymmetries: An exemplar-based model. Cognition 185:1-20. - pdf

Wade, Travis, Grzegorz Dogil, Hinrich Schütze, Michael Walsh, and Bernd Möbius (2010): "Syllable frequency effects in a context-sensitive segment production model". Journal of Phonetics 38 (2), 227-239. - pdf

Walsh, Michael, Bernd Möbius, Travis Wade, and Hinrich Schütze (2010): "Multilevel Exemplar Theory". Cognitive Science 34, 537-582. - pdf

*Winter, Bodo and Wedel, Andrew. 2016. The co-evolution of speech and the lexicon: The interaction of functional pressures, redundancy, and category variation. Topics in Cognitive Science 8:503-513. - pdf


bm 16.5.2023