Exemplar Theory in Language and Speech Science

Summer 2016, Möbius (Seminar, 2 SWS), LSF/HIS #95135
M.Sc. Language Science and Technology

Wed 16.15-17.45, C7.2/5.09

Entrance requirements

Foundations of Language Science and Technology, and Speech Science (recommended).

Course description

Exemplar Theory assumes that speech perception and production are closely linked to each other in a perception-production loop. All percepts of speech events are stored in memory as exemplars in a perceptual space. This space can be represented as a cognitive map comprising many dimensions, which encode the phonetic and phonological properties of the exemplars. Perceived realizations of speech events form clouds of exemplars on the map. These exemplar clouds represent the categories of a given language. Within each category the distribution of exemplars indicates the range of variation of the parameters which characterize the respective category. Exemplar models have been proposed for areas of (computational) linguistics other than phonetics, especially syntax, and this seminar will address such models as well.

Course credits

7 CP (presentation and paper) or 4 CP (presentation only).
Active participation on a regular basis required.

Requirements

Participation: You are expected to be physically present throughout the seminar and take part in the discussion.
You may miss maximally one class without formal consequences. Please send me an email message in this case, just saying that you will not take part, no explanation required. In case you cannot make it a second or third time, you have to write and submit a summary of the papers to be read (minimum one page per paper).

Reading: For each class, you are required to read one or two papers (see Schedule). For each paper, please send me one question that you want to be answered or discussed in class (on the day preceding the class, before midnight).

Presentation: An oral presentation of 30-45 minutes, typically based on a core paper and maybe some complementary reading. Please contact me (1) when you have been assigned a topic/paper and want to start working on it; (2) when you have a pre-final draft version of the presentation. After your presentation I will provide feedback to you. The final version of your slides will be posted on the course homepage.

Term Paper: MSc students opting for the 7 CP version have to write a term paper (deadlines see below). The topic of the paper need not be identical or overlap with the topic of your oral presentation.

Oral Exam: If you decide to take an oral exam, we will together select 2 topics, which are disjoint from the topics of your presentation and term paper. Exam duration is 15-20 minutes.

Deadlines

Exam registration: t.b.a.
Term paper: Sept 30, 2016

Contact:
  Prof. Dr. Bernd Möbius
  Email
  C7.2/4.10
  0681/302-4500

Schedule (tentative, to be discussed)

Session	Topic/Paper	Presented by	Slides etc.
27.04.	Introduction Paper assignments	Möbius	pdf ppt
04.05.	Pierrehumbert (2001)	all
25.05.	Johnson (1997, 2006)
01.06.	Goldinger (1996, 1998)
08.06.	Bybee (2006)
29.07.	Hay and Bresnan (2006)
06.07.	Abbot-Smith and Tomasello (2006)
	Schweitzer et al. (2015)
	Hintzman (1986)
	Walsh et al. (2010)
	Wade et al. (2010)
	Bod (2006)
	Varges and Mellish (2001)

References (primary)

Abbot-Smith, Kirsten, and Michael Tomasello. 2006. Exemplar-learning and schematization in a usage-based account of syntactic acquisition. The Linguistic Review 23:275-290. - pdf

Bod, Rens. 2006. Exemplar-based syntax: How to get productivity from examples. The Linguistic Review 23:291-320. - pdf

Bybee, Joan. 2006. From usage to grammar: The mind's response to repetition. Language 82(4):711-733. - pdf

Goldinger, Stephen D. 1996. Words and voices: Episodic traces in spoken word identification and recognition memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 22, 1166-1183. - pdf

Goldinger, Stephen D. 1998. Echoes of echoes? An episodic theory of lexical access. Psychological Review 105:251-279. - pdf

Hay, Jennifer, and Joan Bresnan. 2006. Spoken syntax: The phonetics of giving a hand in New Zealand English. The Linguistic Review 23:321-349. - pdf

Hintzman, Douglas L. 1986. `schema abstraction' in a multiple-trace memory model. Psychological Review 93:328-338. - pdf

Johnson, Keith. 1997. Speech perception without speaker normalization: An exemplar model. In Keith Johnson and John W. Mullennix (eds.), Talker Variability in Speech Processing, 145-165. San Diego: Academic Press. - pdf

Johnson, Keith. 2006. Resonance in an exemplar-based lexicon: The emergence of social identity and phonology. Journal of Phonetics 34(4):485-499. - pdf

Pierrehumbert, Janet. 2001. Exemplar dynamics: Word frequency, lenition and contrast. In Joan Bybee and Paul Hopper (eds.), Frequency and the Emergence of Linguistic Structure, 137-157. Amsterdam: Benjamins. - pdf

Varges, Sebastian, and Chris Mellish. 2001. Instance-based natural language generation. In Proceedings of The Second Meeting of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (NAACL 2001) (Pittsburgh, PA), volume ??, p. ?? - pdf

Wade, Travis, Grzegorz Dogil, Hinrich Schütze, Michael Walsh, and Bernd Möbius (2010): "Syllable frequency effects in a context-sensitive segment production model". Journal of Phonetics 38 (2), 227-239. - pdf

Walsh, Michael, Bernd Möbius, Travis Wade, and Hinrich Schütze (2010): "Multilevel Exemplar Theory". Cognitive Science 34, 537-582. - pdf

References (supplementary)

Grossberg, Stephen. 2003. Resonant neural dynamics of speech perception. Journal of Phonetics 31:423-445. - pdf

Kruschke, John K. 1992. ALCOVE: An exemplar-based connectionist model of category learning. Psychological Review 99:22-44. - pdf

Kübler, Sandra. 2004. Memory-Based Parsing. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. - Google books

Lacerda, Francisco. 1995. The perceptual-magnet effect: An emergent consequence of exemplar-based phonetic memory. In Proceedings of the 13th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences (Stockholm), 2:140-147. - pdf

Nosofsky, Robert M. 1986. Attention, similarity, and the identification-categorization relationship. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 115:39-57. - pdf

Nosofsky, Robert M., and Roger D. Stanton. 2005. Speeded classification in a probabilistic category structure: Contrasting exemplar-retrieval, decision-boundary, and prototype models. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 31:608-629. - pdf

Nosofsky, Robert M., and Safa R. Zaki. 2002. Exemplar and prototype models revisited: Response strategies, selective attention, and stimulus generalization. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning Memory and Cognition 28:924-940. - pdf

Schweitzer, Katrin and Walsh, Michael and Calhoun, Sasha and Schütze, Hinrich and Möbius, Bernd and Schweitzer, Antje and Dogil, Grzegorz. 2015. Exploring the relationship between intonation and the lexicon: Evidence for lexicalised storage of intonation. Speech Communication 66:65-81. - pdf

bm 25.4.2016