Tense, Aspect and Aktionsarten: Phenomena and Problems

The following is a listing of phenomena and problems to be explained by any adequate semantic theory of
tense, aspect and Aktionsarten in English.

Tense forms in English:

tense	"simple"	perfect	progressive	perfect progressive
(1) present	I walk	I have walked	I am walking	I have been walking
(2) past	I walked	I had walked	I was walking	I had been walking
(3) future	I will walk	I will have walked	I will be walking	I will have been walking

What is the difference in  meaning between

(4) the simple forms  vs. the progressive forms (e.g. John smokes  vs. John is smoking)
(5) the simple past    vs.  the present perfect:  I walked   vs.    I have walked


How can we account for the acceptability and non-acceptability of the following sentences:

(6) John smoked yesterday
(7) * John smoked tomorrow        ("*" indicates non-acceptability)
(8) * John has smoked yesterday

(9) John has not come yet    vs.        * John did not come yet
    
(10) John walked for 2 hours        * John built a house for 2 hours        John was building a house for 2 hrs
(11) *John walked in 2 hours         John built a house in 2 hours

(12) John loved Mary for 2 years        *John died for 2 hours         John was dying for 2 hours
(13) *John loved Mary in 2 years        John died in 2 hours

(14) John walked                     John was walking
(15) John built a house            John was building a house
(16) John died                         John was dying
(17) John knew English          *John was knowing English

(|=  means "implies (logically)";  |≠ means  "does not imply (logically)")
(18) John is walking                     |=       John has walked, John will have walked
(19) John was walking                  |=      John walked
(20) John is building a house        |≠      John has built a house, John will have built a house
(21) John is dying                         |≠      John has died, John will have died

(22) John is growing up        |=      John has not grown up (yet)
(23) John is dying                 |=      John has not died (yet)

(24) John finished building the house          vs.      *John finished walking

(25) John stopped walking          |=      John has walked
(26) John stopped growing up    |≠      John has grown up
(27) John stopped growing up    |=      John has not grown up (yet)

(28) John smokes             vs.           John is smoking
(29) John is rude               vs.          John is being rude

(30) John ate an apple in 2 hours          vs.         *John ate an apple for 2 hours
(31) *John ate apples in 2 hours            vs.         John ate apples for 2 hours

(32) *The soldier(s) crossed the border for 2 hours       vs.    Soldiers crossed the border for 2 hours